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Leaves  From  My 


Historical  Scrap  Book 


BY 


Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 
'I 


Charleston,  S.  C. 


1907. 


Fs 


PREFACE. 


Articles  of  historical  interest  that  are  worth  printing,  are  worth  preserving  in  per- 
manent form.  A  newspaper  article  is  as  good  as  lost  a  year  after  publication.  The 
series  of  articles  liere  reprinted,  and  wliich  appeared  in  the  pages  of  The  Sunday  News 
were  prepared  at  the  cost  of  much  labor.  Practically  every  reference  has  been  verified. 
I  trust  that  this  contribution  to  the  history  of  South  Carolina  may  not  be  deemed  an 
unworthy  one.    I  would  only  add  that  every  reference  in  these  articles  is  to  Tlie  Courier, 

except  where  otlierwjse  noted. 

BARNETT  A.  ELZAS. 
Charleston,  S.  C,  April,  1907. 


CONTENTS. 


1.  An  Tndex  to  the  Historical  Material  in  The  Courier,  1855-1860. 

2.  South  Carolina  Loyalists— List  of  Obituary  Notices  of  Revolutionary  Soldiers— The 

Battle  of  Foi't  Moultrie— The  Mecklenburg  Ladies'  Association— The  Mecklenburg 
"Declaration"— The  Death  of  Francis  Salvador. 

3.  An  Address  delivered  before  the  Reformed  Society  of  Israelites,  on  its  Second  Anni- 

versary, November  1826,  by  Abraham  Moise. 
4     The  First  Jew  in  South  Carolina— Notes  on  Simon  Valentijn,  Samuel  Mincks,  Moses 
Modina,  David  Riz— Miscellaneous  References— Early  Jewish  Naturalization  Pa- 
pers, Abraham  Avila,  Joseph  Tobias,  Lyon  Levi  and  others. 

5.  The  First  Confirmation  Ceremony  in  the  American  Synagogue— Anent  Traditions- 

Early  Jewish  Ship  Owners— The  First  Moise  in  South  Carolina. 

6.  "Patriotic"  Societies— The  Petitions  to  Clinton— Obituary  Notices  of  Revolutionary 

Soldiers— South  Carolina  Loyalists— The  Jews  in  the  Revolution,  &c. 

7.  The  Synagogue  of  the  Jews  in  Hasell  Street— The  Torbay  Prisoners  in  1781— Charleston 

in  1774— Isaac  Hayne— The  Repentant  Sinner— Obituary  Notices  of  Revolutionary 
Soldiers— Wedge  wood  China. 

8.  "Patriotic"  Societies  Once  More. 

9.  Newspaper  References  to  Judah  P.  Benjamin- Rattle  Flags— John  C.  Calhoun— The 

Burning  of  Columbia— Huguenots— The  Mecklenburg  "Declaration"— The  Jews' 
Lands  in  Abbeville -Duels  and  Duelling— Biographical  Material— Local  History— 
Charleston  Churches 

10.  Miscellaneous  Confederate  Material— Confederate  Rosters— The  Cruel  Slave  Owner- 

Revolutionary  Material  —  Blograpliical  Material  —  Miscellaneous  —  Our  Parish 
Registers. 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  BooI<. 


By  Dr  Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D, 


On  numerous  occasions  and  in  many 
connections,  I  have  called  attention  to 
the  wonderful  mass  of  historical  ma- 
terial that  we  possess  in  South  Cai'O- 
lina.  This  material,  to  our  shame  be  ii 
raid,  has  scarcely  begun  to  be  utilized. 
And  yet  it  is  a  fact  that  will  hardly 
brook  denial,  that  the  field  of  Histoi-y 
is  the  most  promising  field,  if  not  the 
only  field  that  promises  rich  results  to 
our  own  students. 

Success  in  scholarship,  in  its  final 
analysis,  means  nothing-  moi'e  than  thf 
utilization  of  opportunity  to  the  extent 
of  possibility.  It  is  the  supremest  part 
of  wisdom,  therefore,  to  recognize  oiir 
limitations  as  '.veil  as  our  uossibiliiies. 
We  have  now  nominally  a  Universit?/  in 
South  Carolina;  and  it  should  be  our 
ambition  at  least,  to  inake  a  beginning 
in  that  sphere  of  endeavor  for  which 
the  term  University  stands — knowledge 
for  its  own  sak?,  rather  than  for  the 
use  to  which  it  is  to  be  applied. 

Compared  with  the  resources  of  other 
universities,  with  their  munificent  en- 
dowments, our  own  institution  is  in  a 
condition  that  is  in  truth  pitiable.  Xor 
vvill  things  improv:'  until  a  vigorous 
campaign  is  instituted,  with  a  view  of 
liringing  home  lo  our  wealthy  citizens 
the  duty  which  lliey  owe  to  the  leading 
ecUiCi'.tional  institution  of  their  State. 

But  to  come  back  to  the  subject  of 
my  theme.  In  Science,  in  Philo.=!(.iphy, 
in  Pliilnlogy  and  in  Literature,  we  arr- 
not  going  to  excel  for  a  long  time  to 
come.  In  Hi.=tory  we  may  excel  by 
reason   of  the  fact     that     the     field     is 


largely  unexplored,  and  we  have  the 
material  right  at  hand  if  we  will  only 
utilize  it. 

I  will  here  state  that  the  study  of  our 
local  history  has  been  merely  an  inci- 
dental study  with  me,  carried  on  in  the 
intervals  of  a  very  busy  life.  But  it  has 
been  a  source  of  real  delight  by  reason 
of  its  intrinsic  interest.  No  one  can 
truly  appreciate  the  charm  of  this 
study  until  he  has  practically  surveyea, 
as  I  have  done,  tiie  entire  field.  So  fas- 
cinated, in  fact,  did  I  become  Avith  the 
work,  that  in  sp'te  of  myself  and  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  my  research  was 
conducted  with  a  single,  definite  pur- 
pose in  view,  I  filled  my  note-books 
with  many  thousands  of  references  to 
historical  matters  bearing  upon  the 
general  history  of  South  Carolina,  quite 
unconnected  with  the  task  m  hand. 

And  here  let  me  remark  that  the  ex- 
istence of  these  note-books,  and  the 
fact  that  I  have  practically  covered  the 
complete  files  of  the  Newspaper  Press 
of  South  Carolina,  have  gotten  me  into 
serious  trouble.  There  is  scarcely  a 
day  that  I  do  not  receive  letters  asking 
for  information.  I  am  not  anxious,  for 
many  reasons,  to  win  repute  as  a  Uni- 
versal Information  Bureau,  for  I  should 
require  a  staff  of  stenographers  and 
typewriters  to  complete  my  equipment; 
nor  do  I  cai'e  to  indulge  the  laziness  of 
those  who  ought  to  come  here  and  dig 
for  themselves.  1  desire,  however,  to 
call  attention  once  more  to  the  wonder- 
ful mine  of  historical  material  that  is 
to   be   found    in    tiie    files   of   our    local 


newspapers,  whose  treasures  still  nw^iit 
the  future  explorer.  I  will  limit  niy 
article  to-day  to  an  enumeration  of 
some  of  the  good  things  that  Ih? 
student  can  find,  inter  alia,  in  the  pa-jfes 
of  The  Courier  between  the  years  1855 
and  1860. 


Onr  City. 

Of  priceless  value  to  the  student  of 
our  history,  ai-e  a  series  of  twenty-f>ve 
articles,  some  of  which  are  several 
columns  in  length,  that  appeared  in 
1855,  under  the  'neading  "Our  City."  ''^'le 
articles  are  signed  "L."  Taken  together 
they  form  the  most  complete  story  of 
early  South  Carolina  that  is  to  be  found 
anywhere.  The  style  of  the  articles  's 
charming  and  the  marshalling  of  the 
facts  is  done  in  admirable  fashion.  Re- 
printed just  as  they  are,  I  do  not 
hesitate  to  say  that  they  would  form 
one  of  the  most  valuable  volume-3  on 
South  Carolina  that  we  possess.  The 
following  comprise  the  series: 

Primitive  Sketches,  July  26,  1855. 

Early  Prospects  and  Anticipations. 
July  28. 

The  First  Half  Century,  August  1. 

Early  Movements  and  Miscellanie.5  of 
Trade,  August  4. 

The  Indian  Trail  and  Trade,  August 
11. 

Early  Experiments  and  Efforts,  Au- 
gust 16. 

The  Advent  of  the  Press,  August  IS. 

Early  Occupations,  August  23. 

Early  Business,  Sites  and  Occupa- 
tions, August  25. 

Early  Occupations  (continued.)  Au- 
gust 29. 

Early  Occupation,  (continued,)  Au- 
gust :'.l. 

Legislative  Provisions,  September  4. 

Our  .School  System.  September  13. 

Legislative  Attempts,  September  21. 

Legislative  Expedients.  .September  22. 

Experiments  in  Staples,  September  2S. 

The  Currency.  October  ]3. 

Sources  of  P<)oalat!on,  October  24. 

Supplies  of  Population,   November,   8. 

Classes  of  Population,  November  21. 

Municipal  Beginnings,  November  27. 

Municipal  Beginnings.  November  30. 

Historical  Hinc^  Decembe;'  5. 

Historical  Hints — Eperimental  Coiisti- 
tulions,  December  11. 

Evacuation  Day,  (topograhical.)  De- 
cember 14. 

For  the  sake  of  completeness.  I  y>M11 
ad'l  that  three  preliminary  sketches  ap- 
peared during  the  year  1S.")4.  They  are 
as  follows: 


Our  City — Oris^in,  Early  History  and 
Progress,  August  31,  1854. 

Our  City,  Its  Site — Area  and  Popu- 
lation, September  7. 

Our  City,  Its  Streets  and  Thorough- 
fares, September  19. 


Sonth  Carolina  ^VorthieH. 

In  the  same  file  of  papers,  July- De- 
cember, 1855,  also  signed  "L."  are  a 
series  of  biographical  sketches  of  South 
Carolina  worthie:^.  They  comprise  the 
following: 

Daniel  Horry.  September  4. 

Gabriel   Manigault,    September  7. 

Christopher  Gadsden,  September  11. 

Isaac  Huger,   September  14. 

Rawlins  Loundes,  September  25. 

Thomas  Heyward.  September  28. 

William  Bull,  October  9. 

John  Rutledge,  October  11. 

John  Barnwell,  October  23. 

Benjamin  Huger,  October  31. 

Ralph   Izard.   November  9. 

Miles  Brewton,   December  25. 


Tlie   I'heatre— as   it   Has   Been    and   isi 
in   Cliarle.ston.   S.   C. 

On  this  subject,  a  fine  series  of  twenty 
descriptive  articles  appeared  in  th^ 
pages  of  The  Courier  during  the  years 
1857-1859.  They  are  to  be  found  in  th^ 
following  issties: 

1857,  December  28,    30,   31. 

1858,  January  G.  12,  19,  21,  26,  30:  Feb- 
ruary 20,  25;  March  2.  9;  April  15;  No- 
vtmber  25;  December  14.  16,  28. 

1859,  January  5    15. 

There  is  a  seoarare  arti^-le  on  'The 
Theatre,"  not  m  connection  with  the 
above,  in  the  issue  of  October  24,  1857. 

Musenni  of  tlie  College  of  Cliarle.<4ton. 

We  are  to-day  locally  interested  m 
the  new  quarters  of  the  Museum  of  the 
College  of  Charleston.  It  is  worthy  of 
note  that  a  full  description  of  this 
museum,  its  contents  and  sources  of 
origin,  appeared  in  the  columns  of  Tho 
Com-ier.  in  a  series  of  fifty-eight  articles 
during  the  years  1S56-1S5S.  They  occur 
in  the  following  issues: 

1856,  November  S,  15. 

1858,  March  24,  27.  31:  April  7,  10,  17.  24. 
28;  May  1,  5,  8.  12,  15,  19,  22.  26,  29;  Jun? 
2,  5,  9,  12.  16,  19,  23,  26.  30;  July  3,  8.  10,  14, 
17.  21,  24,  28,  31;  August  4,  7,  11,  14,  IS.  21, 
25,  28;  September  1,  4,  8,  11,  15,  18,  22,  25, 
29;  October  2.  6,  13,  23. 

In  the  issue  of  March  25,  1858.  Prof 
Francis  Holmes,  Curator  of  the  Mu- 
seum, points  out  an  error  in  the  I'-.sue 
of  March  24. 


The  Treaty  with  STvitaterland  nncl  the 
Jews. 

In  1857,  there  appeared  a  most  inter- 
esting series  of  articles  on  the  above 
subject.  These  articles  are  of  equal 
Interest  to  us  to-day,  by  reason  of  the 
fact  that  the  same  question  of  the 
recognition  of  an  American  Passport 
when  held  by  a  citizen  who  happens  to 
be  of  the  Jewish  faitii,  is  now  pressing 
for  solution.  Our  Government  has  njt 
yet  arrived  at  Ihat  point  when  it  pro- 
tects its  citizens  in  Russia  when  they 
happen  to  be  Je-'.vs. 

The  articles  appeared  in  the  following 
issues: 

August  13,  19,  20,  21,  25,  29,  31;  Septem- 
ber 3,  4,  14,  17,  1857. 

The  articles  are  controversial.  The 
fuss  started  with  an  article  by  Dr  M. 
Mayer,  the  Rabbi  of  Beth  Elohim,  on- 
titled:  "The  First  Fruit  of  the  Treaty 
between  the  United  States  and  Switzer- 
land," in  the  issue  of  August  13,  1S57. 
This  was  replied  to  on  August  19,  by  a 
lawyer,  who  signs  himself  "A  Jew."  Dr 
Mayer  replied  on  August  21,  to  be  again 
hammered  by  "A  Jew"  on  August  'IZ. 
On  August  29,  J.  N.  Cardozo,  the  brilli- 
ant editor,  takes  a  hand,  and  in  the  suc- 
ceeding issues  he  engages  with  'A 
Jew,"  in  bitter  argument.  The  lawyer 
makes  a  great  parade  of  his  supposed 
constitutional  knowledge,  but  Canlozi. 
although  not,  as  far  as  I  know,  a  law- 
>er,  simply  crushes  his  antagonist  wit)"! 
his  own  weapons.  He  was  certainly  an 
unrivalled  controversialist. 

In  addition  to  such  serial  articles, 
there  are  other  aiticles  of  value,  v.hicii 
I  shall  now  proceed  to  indicate.  The 
classification  will  perforce  be  somewhat 
arbitrary. 


Revolutionary   Material. 

Anniversary  of  the  Battle  of  Fort 
Moultrie,  June  28,  1855. 

The  Battle  of  Fort  Moultrie,  Juno 
30.   ]856. 

[A  fine  letter  from  Charles  Cofes- 
worth  Pinckney  to  his  mother  de- 
scri!)tive  of  the  battle.  Written  at  Foi-t 
Johnson,  June  29,  1776.] 

Palmetto  Day.  June  28,  18.56. 

[Many  interesting  data  concerning 
early  military    ifi'airs  in  Charles  Town.J 

King's  MouTitain,  August  10,  IS'i."., 
SepK'inber  27,   IStlO. 

Cowperis,  Apr!!  17.  1S56;  February  19. 
1857. 

Eutaw  and  Cowpens.  August  23,  1S60. 

Eutaw,  July  21,  1858:  Julv  7.  S.  l.sr.O: 
January  14,   1860. 

Firesides  and  Facts  of  the  Revolution, 
May   15,  1858. 

Revolutionary    Incidents,    October   15. 


1855;  September  21;  October  9,  23;  No- 
vember 6,  1858;  March  11,  April  19,  May 
25,  June  21,  July  20,  September  15,  1859; 
August  7,  8,  1860. 

Revolutionary      Reminiscences,    July 

27,  1855;  October  23.  1856. 

[The  latter  of  these  reminiscences 
contains  a  copy  of  a  "Declaration  of  In- 
dependence," made  by  the  Vestry  of  St 
Paul's  Church,  Edenton,  N.  C.  "It  is, 
like  the  Mecklenberg  Declaration  an- 
terior to  the  Declaration  of  Congj-ess, 
preceding  the  latter  just  sixteen  days." 
North  Carolina  seems  to  have  acquired 
the  habit  of  declaring  independence.] 

A,  Revolutionary  Anecdote,  November 

28,  1860. 

Incidents  of  Indian  Warfare,  July  12, 
1859. 

Two  Revolutionary  Heroines,  (Eliza- 
beth Grace  and  Rachel  Martin,)  July  7, 
1855. 

A  Revolutionary  Hero,  (Wilkins  C. 
Smith,)  March  27,  1860. 


General  Hlntorleal  Material. 

American  Sympathy  for  Russia— The 
United  States  Denounced,  May  31,  1855. 

Mason  and  Dixon's  Line,  July  9,   18."5. 

The  Palmetto  Regiment,  August  10, 
1S55. 

The  Palmettos  in  Mexico,  September 
10,  October  9,  1857. 

The  Citadel  Cadets  and  the  Palmetto 
Regim.ent,  October  26,  1857. 

List  of  Original  Members  of  the  Union 
Light  Infantry  Company,  1807-1811; 
February  21,  1857. 

The  Right  of  Secession.  March  28, 
1857;  and  many  succeeding  numbers. 

Jackson's  Birthplace,  August  24,  18.53, 

Old  Letters,  September  10,  15,  1858. 

The  French  in  South  Carolina,  .Jan- 
uary  31,    1859. 

Early  Times  in  Upper  Georgia,  August 
17,  1860. 


niosraithienl    Material. 

Francis  Kinloch  Huger,  February 

1855. 
Mrs  Harriet  Marion,  April  14,  1856. 
Langdon  Chevcs,  June  27,  1857. 
Gen  Christopher     Gadsden,     July 

1857. 
The  Illness.  Death  and  Grave  of  I. 

gare,  July  29,  30.  August  1,  1S57. 
The  Pickens  Family,  October  15,  18 
The  Marion   Family,  August  7,  185S 
Col     Samuel     Hammond,     August 

1  S.5S. 
The  Videau  Family.  September  4,  18: 
The  Jasper  Family,  November  18,  18 
John    Bellinger.    M.    D.,    September 

1860. 
Charles  Fraser.  October  6,  1860. 


e- 
o7. 

io, 

8. 
.58. 


h 


I^ooal   History. 

Charleston  in  1740,  April  IS,  1853. 

Carolina  in  the  Olden  Time.  By  an 
Octogenarian  Lady.  Reviewed  June  21, 
1855. 

["It  is  not  exactly  what  may  be  called 
a  history,  but  It  had  an  histovical 
character."  StUvlcmts  of  South  Cai-olina 
history  will  symjDathize  with  the  re- 
viewer's estimate.] 

The  Origin  of  'he  Name  State  Street, 
formerly  Union  Street,  February  21, 
1857. 

Reminiscences  of  St  Stephen's  Parish, 
September  3,  1838. 

St  James's  Churcli,  Goose  Creek,  July 
23,  30;  August  6,  13,  20,  27;  September  3, 
10,  1859. 

[A  complete  iiistory  of  this  historic 
church.] 

A  Picture  of  Charleston  in  1860,  Feb- 
ruary 11,  1860. 

Pee-Dee  and  its  Districts.  July  26,  1860. 

A  Hundred  Years  Ago,  November  15, 
1860. 


The  Ne'wspapep  Pre.ss. 

The  Press  Autobiographical,  July  l-i, 
1S57. 

[Contains  valuable  notices  of  early 
South    Carolina  interior  newspapers.] 

Printing  in  South  Carolina,  Septem- 
ber 2,  1858. 

Old  Gazettes,  September  14.  18,  1858. 

The  Press  of  Georgia,  October  28,  1S58. 


traits  and  miniatures— sevral  hundred — 
by  this  artist.] 


Tlie   Legrislatiire. 

List  of  Membej-.s  1854-1858;  October  22, 
1856. 

List  of  Members  1838-1860;  October  21, 
1858. 


Art   ill   Charleston. 

The  Fraser  Gallery.  January  9;   F(;b- 

ruary  11,  13.  14,  IG,  17,  18;   March  5,  1837. 

[A   complete   list   of   all    known    por- 


Cotton. 

Comparative  Statistics  of  Cotton  1843- 
1S35,  by  J.  N.  Cardozo,  June  9,  1856. 

Early  Culture  of  Cotton,  August  20, 
1857. 

Early  Cotton  Machinery,  July  30; 
August  13,  14,  1860. 


NnuiiMiiiatlcR. 

The  Red  Cent,  May  5,   1857. 

[Describes  a  penny  and  a  two  peimy 
piece  struck  for  the  Carolines  in  172?.] 

American  Coinage  and  Medals,  No- 
vember 6,  1838. 

Coinage  of  the  U.  S.,  February  9,  1839, 


Allseellaneons. 

The  Last  Sickness  and  death  of  Booth 
the  Tragedian,  July  30,  1856. 

The  Duty  of  a  Freemason.  Address 
by  Albert  Pike,  May  13,  1857. 

The  First  Railroad  in  the  U.  S.,  Au- 
gust 18,  1857. 

Recollections  of  the  South  Carolina 
Railroad,  August  19,  1837. 

The  Institution  of  Domestic  Slavery 
and  the  Constitution,  December  17,  1857. 


The  foregoing  article,  dry  as  it  may 
appear  to  some,  is  nothing  more  than 
what  its  title  claims  for  it — "Leaves 
from  my  Historn^al  Scrap  Book."  I 
trust  that  it  is  not  without  value.  All 
I  intended  to  do  by  putting  these  notes 
in  order,  was  to  indicate  to  some  little 
extent  the  vastness  of  the  historical 
material  that  exists  in  the  files  of  onr 
local  newspaper  press.  Anyone  with 
enough  patience  can  pursue  historical 
research.  The  work  is,  in  my  estima- 
tion, worth  doing.  Will  my  suggestion 
induce  some  student  to  engage  in  if 
I  do  not  know.  Nor  do  I  care.  I  have 
done  my  duty  by  throwing  out  the  sug- 
gestion. 


[Ueprinted  from  the  Sunday  News,  February  10,  liKiT.J 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Book. 


By  Dr  Bariiett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


In  the  Ford  collection  in  the  Lenox 
branch  of  the  New  York  Public  Library 
there  is  a  very  interesting  voluni<s, 
whose  binder's  title  reads:  SOUTH 
CAROLINA  LOYALISTS— OATHS  OF 
ALLEGIANCE.  The  title  is  a  mis- 
nomer. The  volume,  which  consists  of 
53  pages,  contains  merely  the  original 
oaths  of  allegiance  of  210  men  in  Claarles 
Town,  in  1781.  These  men  were  not 
necessarily  Loyalists,  and  many  of 
them,  we  know  fiom  their  records,  were 
anything  but  Loyalists. 

In  my  History  of  the  Jews  of  South 
Carolina  (pp  102-3)  I  have  gone  into  a 
full  explanation  of  the  attitude  of  those 
citizens  of  Charles  Town  who  took  the 
oath  of  allegiance  to  the  British  after 
the  surrender  of  the  town  in  17S0,  a  list 
of  whose  names  is  to  be  found  in  the 
Royal  South  Caiolina  Gazette  of  Sep- 
tember 21,  1780.  I  will  not  repeat  hero 
what  I  have  said,  but  refer  those  who 
may  be  interested  to  my  book.  I  will 
only  call  attention  to  the  text  of  the 
two  oaths  of  allegiance  exacted  in  1780 
and  1781,  respectively.  The  rigor  of  the 
latter  as  compared  with  the  former 
oath  is  well  wortiiy  of  note: 

Oath  of  AlleKiniice  In  17.SO. 

I  do  hereby  acknowledge 

and  declare  myself  to  be  a  true  and 
faithful  Subject  to  His  Majesty,  tho 
King  of  Great  Britain,  and  that  I  will 
r.t  all  Times  hereafter  be  obedient  to 
his  Government;  and  that  whenever  I 
shall  be  thereunto  required,  I  will  be 
ready  to  maintain  and  defend  the  same 
against  all  Persons  whatever. 


Subscribed  an-l  acknowledged  at 
Charles-Town,  the  22d  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1780,  before  me, 

R.  W.  Poweil. 

Oath  of  Allegiance  In  17S1. 


I  hereby  and  sincerely  prom- 
ise and  swear,  that  I  will  faithfully  de- 
mean myself  as  a  true  and  loyal  Sub- 
ject of  his  Majesty,  the  King  of  Great 
Britain,  to  whose  Government  I  will, 
at  all  Times  hereafter,  be  obedient; 
and,  that  whenever  I  shall  be  thereunto 
required,  I  will,  to  the  utmost  of  my 
Power,  support,  maintain  and  defend 
the  same  against  all  Persons  whatso- 
ever; and  that  I  will  do  my  utmost 
Endeavour  to  frustrate  and  prevent  ail 
traiterous  Conspiracies  and  Attempts 
which  shall  be  made  against  his  Ma- 
jesty's Authority  and  Government,  and 
I  will  faithfully  disclose  every  Intelli- 
gence and  Information  of  any  such 
Conspiracies,  or  Attempts,  which  shall 
come  to  my  Knowledge  or  Belief,  to 
the  persons  whose  particular  Care  and 
Duty  it  may  be  to  receive  the  same  in 
the  District  in  which  I  shall  reside. 

Sworn   &   subscribed   the  day  of 

,  1781,  before  me. 

J.  H.  Cruger. 


Lint  of  Sig:nerM. 

In  the  volume  in  the  Lenox  Library 
each  oath  is  separately  signed.  A  lew, 
however,  contain  two  signatures.  Here 
is  the  list: 


Adair,  Robert. 
Adams,   William. 
Alexander.  James. 
Allan,  Robert. 
Allen,   Isaac. 
Ander.son,  Robert. 
.\nders()n,   Samuel. 
Ander.son.  William. 
Armstrong.   John. 
.\twood.    Wm. 
Bacon.  John. 
Bacon,  Thoma.s. 


Bacon.  William. 
Balderking,  George. 
Barlteden,  John. 
Baskin,  James. 
Bayle,   Peter. 
Beard,   James. 
Bell,   Robert. 
Bell.    William. 
Bennet,    .Vrthiir. 
Beraud,  Jn. 
Bews,  William. 
Black.   Samuel. 


i:!nrk,    W'lUinm. 
iiliUi.    Tom. 
lloiid,   liobl. 
Uracil,    CJoorge. 
l{rLaK>.-al<-,    W  iilis. 
iJrovvii,  c;on>fc-lius. 
Brown,   Malcolm. 
Brown,    Kcjberl. 
Buchanan,   James. 
Cailioiin,    Patrick. 
Cannon,    William. 
Carithers,   Math. 
Carothers,   William, 
(barter,   Dudley. 
Carter,   John. 
Carter,    Robert. 
Chalmer.s,   James. 
Clicklow,   John. 
Christopher,  James. 
(Jlark,  Alexander. 
Clark,    William. 
Cochran,  John. 
Coffey.   Wm. 
Colcock,  John. 
Colhoun,   Hugh. 
Cooke,   Isaac. 
Conrsey,    James. 
Coursey,  John. 
Coursty,    ^Villiam. 
Covington,  Joseph. 
Covinston,  Jr,   Wm. 
Cowan,  James. 
Cowan,    Jno. 
Crawford,  Andrew. 
Crawford,    Enos. 
Crockett.  Samuel. 
Curry,   John. 
Davis.    Benjamin. 
Dawson,  Joseph. 

Dawson.   Jonathan. 
Day,    William. 
Dealwood,   John. 
Dealwood,    William. 

Develin,    James. 

Devo,    Francis. 

Drennan,   William. 

Klot   (?)    \i  uiiam. 

Kvans,  Ezekiel. 

Eymerie,  John. 

Finely,  Samuel. 

Finney,  Rijbert. 

Foster,  Alexander. 

Foster,  Robt. 

Foster,  Samuel. 

J'Vister,  Samuel. 

J'^ox,  James. 

Galley,  James. 

Garrett.  John. 

Garrett,   Robt. 

Greene,    Benjamin. 

Griffin,  Robert. 

(luilbeaud.   Andrew. 

i  I  ami  1  ton,  Andrew. 

Hamilton,  Thos. 

Hammond.  Charles. 

Hammond,  Joshua. 

Hammond,  l-e  Roy. 

TIairis,  Joim. 

TTarris,  Thos. 

Harrison.  Thoma.s. 

)  fayes,  Wm. 

Heard.   Armstrong. 

Hill.  John. 

HoRs,   ^V■illiam. 

Holland.    Jacob. 

Hopkins.   Samuel. 

Horry,   William.  (?) 

TTow'ird.   Benjamin. 

Hushes,  Philemon. 


Tlulton,  Jn)in. 
Hunter,   Dav'id. 
ilutton,    \\  liiiam. 
Jlutcliison,    Wm. 
liwin,   John. 
Johnston,   John. 
Junes.   Jiii.haril. 
jLutlun.  .\dam. 
Jvey,  Thomas. 
l^ark,  John, 
l^aiva.v,   L.ewis  L. 
Ivee,   Andrew. 
J^ee,  Thomas. 
Besly,  John. 
Bittie,    William, 
l^ively,  John. 
Bogan,  Jolin. 
Bousk,    James, 
l^owry,    Richd. 
Buckie,   William. 
Byon,  James. 
Alanson,    William. 
Marberry,   Thos. 
Martin,  James. 
Martin,    Robert. 
Mathews,  Philip. 
Mayson.  Jas. 
Messer,   Robert. 
Middleton.   Hugh. 
Middleton,   John  J. 
Moore,   John. 
Moragne,  E. 

Morgan,    Ev.'xn. 
Morrow,  Arthur. 
Miirfe.N',    John. 
Murfey,    Wm. 
Miirrch,  James.   (?) 
Mc  Alaster.  Aridrew. 

Mc  Alister.   Nathan. 
Mc  Alpin,  Robert. 

Mc  Carter,  Moses. 

Mc  Carty,    William. 

Mc  Cleskey,  Joseph. 
Mc  Closkey,  George. 

Mc  Closkey,   Wm. 

Mm  Coiw*»Hy-J<»wwM. 

Mc  Connell,  James. 

Mc  Curdy,  John. 

Mc  Patrick,  John. 

Nelson,   Samuel. 

Noble,    James. 

Norris,    William. 

Odom,  Abraham. 

Outten,  Jesse. 

I'atton,  Arthur. 

Paxton,   Samuel. 

Pearce,    John. 

Pettigru,   James. 

Pickens.   John. 

Pickens,   John. 

Pickens,  Joseph. 

Pollard,   Robert. 

I'orter,  Alexander. 

Porter,   Hugh. 

Purves,    John. 

Ramsey,  Daniel. 

Reed,  George. 

Reed,  Matthew. 

Rignier.   IMerre. 

Ridda.    Joseph. 

Roberts,  Absalom. 

Russell,   Timothy. 

Saxon,  (^harles. 

Scott,  Alexr. 

Shanklin.  Thomas. 

Simpson,  John. 

Steel.    Aaron. 

Stringer.    George. 

Stringer,   John. 


Stunrt,   .\dnm. 
Sutherland,  Francis, 
Ta>ior,  James. 
Thai  Cher,  Barthy. 
Thomson,  James. 
Toy,  Dennis. 
Turk,   John. 
Turnbull,    Joseph. 
Turpin,  Matthew. 
I'rbein,   John. 
Verner,  John. 
Walker.   William. 
Ware,  Henr.v. 
Watt,   James. 


Watt,  Saml. 
Weed.  Nathaniel. 
Weed,   Reuben. 
Weems,  James. 
Weems,  Thos. 
Weems,   William. 
White,   John. 
AN'hitefield.   George. 
Williams.  Jefferson. 
Willson,  Henry. 
AVilson,   Hugh. 
AVilson.  James. 
^^■oods.  \Vm. 
York.   Richd. 


Young,   Matthew. 

Oljitiinry     Notlcen     of    RevoIntioiiHry 
Soldiern. 

(From   the  Southern  Patriot.) 

Capt    Peter  Bacot,   August   17,    1S2B 
Major  Thomas  Butler,  March  21.  1816, 
Col  Joseph  Calhoun,  May  17,  1817. 
David  Campbell,  May  31.  1822. 
pjdward  Conner,  January  5,  lS/57. 
Elnathan  Davi<5,  November  1,  1836. 
Isaac  Dubose,  June  1,  181o. 
Joseph   Dulles,  January  19,  1818. 
Major  Gen  Wm  Fishburne,  Nov  8,  1810. 
John  Forbis.  November  (].  1829. 
Gabriel  Friday.  June  29,  1S.30. 
Major  wnison  Glover.  Dec  24,  1822. 
Major  Richard  Godfrey.  Oct  22.  1817. 
Henry  Gray.  July  31,  1824. 
Capt  Thos  Hammond,  March  17.  181S. 
Col   Henry   Hampton,    Au?   11,    lS2o. 
Col  Andrew  Heatly,  May  7.  1824. 
John  Bee  Holmes.  September  8.  1827. 
William    Hort,    Janu-.ry    24.    1826. 
Matthew-  Irvine,   September  1,  1827. 
Capt  John  Johnson,  March  14,  1821. 
Richard  Johnson,  September  5,  1815. 
William  Johnson,  April  17,  1818. 
Capt  James  Keimedy.  July  28,   1823. 
Francis   Kinloi-b,   February  I'l,  1826. 
Col  William  Lyons,  Fcbru;.ry  23,  1S18. 
Hart  well    Macon,    May    7,    1824. 
Abraham  Markley.   July   16.   1834. 
Robert  McFadden,  July  11,  1829. 
John   M'Watters.  September  9,   182.8. 
Col  Nathaniel   Ramsay,  Dec  3,  1817. 
Bene  Ravenel,  February  26.  1822. 
Arthur  Pimpkins,  November  21,  1326. 
Paul  Taylor,   August  28.  1818. 
Thomas  Warin.fr,  March  24,  1824. 
Simon  Wood,  May  7,  1824. 


(From   th?   City  Gazette.) 

Thomas  Allan,  July  18,  1827. 
Thomas  Bee,  Februaiy  26.  1812. 
Samuel  Breed.  November  16.  1826. 
Major  Pierce  Butler,   Feb  26,  1822. 
Col  Joseph  Calhoun,  May  16,  1817. 
Gen  Robert  Conway,  December  8,  1823. 
James  Cox,  January  28,  1812. 
William  Daingerfield.   June  2,  1826. 
Patric  Dollard.  March  11,  ISOO. 


1S26. 
1S27. 


1S22. 


lS2fi. 


Joseph  Dulles,  .Tanur.ry  19.  181S. 
Isaac    Fell,    April   30,    1S18. 
Major  Gen  Wm  Fishbm-ne,  Nov  8,  1S19. 
John  Frampton  Sen,  May  2,'>.  1827. 
Gabriel  Friday,  June  29,  1830. 
Col  Henry  Hampton,  August  12, 
Major  Robert  M.  Head,  May  16, 
William  Hort,  January  2.5,  1826. 
Gen  Jared  Irwin,  March  20,  181S. 
Major  Joseph   Jxerr,  January  24, 
Jo;~eph  King-,  July  27,  182(;. 
Francis   Kinloch,   February  4, 
Robert  Larry.  August  6,  1819. 
William  Lee,  December  5,  1803. 
Major  Charles  Lining-,  July  16,  180.'). 

Lloyd  .July  22,  1817. 

Col  William  Lyons,  February  24,  ISIS. 
Gen   Hugh  Means,  July  G,  1S25. 
Major  Gen  Wm  Moultrie,  Sept  28,  ISO:. 
James  McCall,  March  14,  1S21. 
William  Pigues,  April  17,  1818. 
Capt  Joseph  Quinby,  May  25,  1818. 
Capt  Henry  Ravenel,  March  7,  18:M. 
Capt  Edvv-  Richardson,  July  11,  ISO^. 
Josiah  Smith.  Feb  16,  1826. 
John  Stoney,  October  19,  iS21. 
John  Wilson,    February  4,   1823. 
Mathias  WoolCo,  March  26,  1805. 

(From   the   Courier.) 

William    Blue,   April   17,    1S29. 

David    Burckhalter,   June  25.   1846. 

Col  Zach  Smith  Brooks,  April  24,  IStS. 

Capt  Joel  Callahan,  April  9,  1847. 

Henry  Cannon,   Septembei"  9,  1846. 

John  China  Sen,  September  3,  1S4V. 

Major  Joseph  Dickinson,  Mch  12,  1807. 

George  Durham,  April  17,   1829. 

Samuel    Franks,   December  16,    1845. 

Capt  Joshua  Hammond,  July  16,  185o. 

Florian  Charl-33  Mey,  April  1,  1829. 

Job  Palmer,  February  1,  1845. 

Col  Joseph  Picken.s,  Feb  17,  1853. 

William  Purse,  January  14.  1845. 

Lieut  Col  Wiir.am  Scott,  June  11,  1S07. 

Capt  Samuel  White.  January  21,  1S4S. 

Jacob  Wise,  October  11,  1845. 

[Note. — The  above  lists  of  obituary 
notices  of  RevDlutionary  soldiers,  are 
by  no  means  complete,  not  having  been 
collected  for  any  specific  purpose.  I 
have  not  liad  time  to  confirni  the  refer- 
ences, which  have  been  gathered  fror,''. 
the  newspaper  files  in  the  Charleston 
Library,  Library  of  the  Chamber  of 
(.'ommerce.  Library  of  the  College  of 
Charleston  and  the  Library  of  Congress. 
Though  unverified,  I  believe  that  all  the 
references  will  be  found  to  be  ac- 
curate.]   

The   nn((lo   of  Fort   Moultrie. 

(.From   the   City   Gazette,    Oct  26,   1812.) 

"In  the  year  1776,  an  ottack  was 
made  on  Sullivan's  Island,  in   the  har- 


bor of  Chnrlost.-)n,  S.  C,  by  th"  land 
and  naval  forces  of  (iieat  Britain,  un- 
der the  command  of  .Sir  Henry  Clinion 
and  Sir  Peter  Parker.  After  much  time 
and  labor  in  lightening  the  heavy  :-lups. 
they  anchored  opposite  Fort  MoutlviB, 
and  commenced  a  tremendous  cannftn- 
::de.  Gen  Clinton  had  landed  his  Irooi.is 
to  the  eastward  of  ihe  iiarbor,  with  the 
intention  of  fording  the  channel  and 
attacking  the  fort  in  the  rear,  while  the 
ships  atacked  it  in  front,  but  from  some 
mistake  or  want  of  knowledge  of  the 
depth  of  water  in  the  channel,  he  was 
unable  or  unwilling  to  attempt  any- 
tlung.  In  the  meantime  the  fort,  by  a 
regular  and  well  directed  fire  nearly  de- 
molished the  British  fleet  and  Sir  Peter 
was  fain  to  escape  with  the  loss  of  half 
of  his  men  killed  and  wounded;  among 
the  latter  himself,  the  tail  of  his 
breeches  being  shot  away. 

The  following  humorous  parahrase  of 
Sir  Peter's  ofhcial  letter  to  the  Lords  of 
the  Admiralty,  Aas  written  by  an  Eng- 
lish wit  of  those  days: 

My  lords,   with   j-our  leave, 

An  account  I  will  give. 
Which  deserves  to  be  written  in  metre; 

For  the  rebels  and  I, 

Have   been  pretty  nigh; 
Faith,  and  almost  too  nigh  lor  St  Peter. 

De'l  take  'om.  their  shot, 
Came  so  swifr  and  so  hot. 

And   the   cowardly   dogs   stood   so  stiff, 
sirs. 

That  I  put  ship  about. 
And  was  glad   to  get  out. 

Or,  they  would  not  have  left  me  a  skif)!, 
sir.s. 

With  much  labor  and  toil, 
Unto   .Sullivan's    Isle, 
I  came,  swift  as  Falstaff  or  Pistol; 
But  the  Yankees  od  rat'em, 
I  could  not  get  at  'em. 
They  so  terribly  maul'd  my  poor  Bris- 
tol. 

Behold  Clinton  by  land. 
Did   quietly   stand, 
While  I  made  r.  thundering  clatter; 
But  the  channel  w:is  deep. 
So  he  only  could  peep, 
And  not  vent-are  over  the  water. 

Xow  bold  as  a  Turk, 

I   proceeded   to  York. 
Where  with  Clinton  and  Howe  you  may 

find  me; 

I've  the  wind  in  my  tail. 

And  am   hoisting  my  sail. 
To  leave  Sullivaii's  Inland   behind  inc. 


But,   my  lords,   rto  not   fear, 
For  before  the  next  year, 
Although  a  small  island  should  fret  us, 
The  Continent   whole. 
We  will  take  by  my  soul. 
If  the  cowardly  Yankees  will  let  us. 

The  MeeklenltnrK  I<aclles*  Aafioclation 

A  good  many  of  us  have  had  a  little 
fun  with  reference  to  the  subject  of  the 
Mecklenburg  "Declaration."  In  the 
present  status  of  the  case,  the  burden 
of  proof  certainly  rests  upon  Nortii 
Carolina.  But  be  that  as  it  may,  no  one 
will  deny  the  facr  of  the  splendid  patri- 
otism consistently  displayed  through- 
out the  contest  with  Great  Britain,  of 
the  people  of  "The  Hornet's  Nest." 
Even  the  women  took  a  hand,  as  the 
following  item,  copied  from  the  South 
Carolina  &  American  General  Gazette 
for  February  9,  1776,  admirably  testifies. 

"A  North  Carolina  Correspondent, 
who  signs  himself  PHILOGUNO,  in- 
forms us,"  That  the  young  Ladie?  of 
the  best  Families  m  Mecklenburg 
County,  in  North  Carolina,  have  en- 
tered into  a  voluntary  Association,  thai 
they  will  not  receive  the  Addresses  of 
any  young  Gentleman  of  that  Place,  ex- 
cept the  brave  Volunteers  who  che;ir- 
fully  served  in  tha  Expedition  to  South 
Carolina,  and  assisted  in  subduing  the 
Scholovite  Insurgents:  The  Ladies 
being  of  Opinion,  that  such  Persons  as 
lazily  stay  basKing  at  home,  when  the 
important  Calls  of  their  Country  de- 
mand their  military  Service  abroad, 
must  certainly  be  destitute  of  that 
Nobleness  of  Sentiment,  that  brave 
manly  Spirit  which  qualify  the  Gentle- 
man to  be  the  Defender  and  Guardian 
of  the  Fair  Sex."  Our  Correspondent 
adds:  "This  is  the  Substance  of  the  As- 
sociation; and,  we  hear,  that  the  Ladies 


in  the  adjacent  County  of  Ptowan  have 
desired  a  similar  Association  to  be 
drawn  up,  and  prepared  immediately 
for  signing." 

The  Meoklenhnrgr  "Deelaratiwn." 

On  this  subject,  there  are  two  very  in- 
teresting but  umonvmcing  items  in  the 
Mercury  of  July  I.  1S2S,  and  in  the  Win- 
yau  Intelligencer  of  June  9,  1832. 

The  Death  of  Francis  Salvador. 

In  the  South  Carolina  and  American 
General  Gazette  of  August  14,  1776, 
there  is  a  full  description  of  the  bat- 
tle with  the  Indians,  in  which  the  pa- 
triot Francis  Salvador  met  his  tragic 
end.  It  is  contained  in  a  letter  written 
from  camp,  two  miles  below  Keowee,  in 
the  Cherokee  Country.  After  giving  a 
full  description  of  the  battle,  the  writer 
continues: 

"Our  party  soon  recovering  from  their 
surprise,  kept  up  a  brisk  fire  on  the 
places)  where  the  flashes  of  the  enemy's 
guns  were  seen,  and  soon  drove  them 
from  their  fences  and  houses.  Their 
loss  is  not  known,  but  from  the  num- 
ber of  blankets,  shirts,  tomahawks,  etc, 
left  besmeared  v/ith  blood,  and  the 
bloody  ti-acks  which  marked  their  re- 
treat, it  is  supposed  to  be  considerable. 
Col  Williamson  remained  on  the  ground 
till  day-break,  and  burnt  all  the  houses 
on  both  sides  of  the  river,  and  de- 
stroyed their  corn,  etc.  Judging  that 
that  the  party  he  had  defeated  would 
immediately  proceed  to  their  camp  and 
apprize  them  of  his  approach,  and 
having  imade  an  appointment  to  meet 
Cols  Neel  and  Thomas  at  Sugar  Town, 
the  Colonel,  after  leaving  a  party  to 
bury  the  dead  and  take  care  of  the 
wounded,  returned  to  his  camp."     Sal- 


vador was 
battle. 


thus  buried  on  the  field   of 


[  lleprinted  from  the  Sunday  N«w9,  February  17, 1907.— No.  2.] 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Book. 


By  Dr  Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


I  am  printing  to-day  a  very  remark- 
able document — "An  Address  delivered 
before  the  Reformed  Society  of  Israel- 
ites, on  its  Second  Anniversary,  No- 
vember, 1826,  by  Abraham  Moise." 

This  document,  it  is  needless  to  say, 
is  not  known  to  our  writers  on  Jewish 
subjects  who  have  undertaken  to  ex- 
press grlib  opinions,  based  upon  the 
scantiest  secondary  sources,  on  the 
first  great  religious  reform  movement 
among  the  Jews  of  America.  Th-s 
movement,  I  will  add,  until  my  own  in- 
vestigations were  published,  was  noth- 
ing more  than  a  mere  tradition.  So 
little  was  known  of  it,  that  the  late 
Nathaniel  Levin,  who  wrote  the  sketch 
of  the  Congregation  Beth  Elohim  for  the 
Year  Book  City  of  Charleston  for  1883, 
and  who  devotes  less  than  sixteen  lines 
to  it,  dates  the  movement  from  1835, 
(p  308,)  when  as  a  matter  of  fact,  it 
originated  in  1824. 

The  writer  of  the  following  address — 
Abraham  Moise,  (1799-1869,)  was  a 
prominent  figure  in  the  Reformed  So- 
ciety of  Israelites.  He  it  was  who 
drafted  its  Constitution,  and  in  all 
probability  wrote  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  Prayer  Book  of  the  Society, 
both  of  which  are  unknown  to  our 
writers  and  which  I  shall  shortly  pub- 
lish. 

The  address  itself  is  an  "Apologia" 
for  the  Society,  and  an  admirable  de- 
fence it  is,  in  truth.  Be  it,  however,  al- 
ways remembered  that  it  was  written 
in  1826  and  not  in  1907.  By  the  stand- 
ard of  the  generation  in  which  it  was 


written  must  it  be  judged  and  not  by 
that  of  our  own  age,  when  the  veriest 
tyro  for  a  few  dollars  can  make  him- 
self more  familiar  with  Jewish  history 
and  literature,  than  could  the  most 
earnest  and  diligent  student  in  Charles- 
ton three-quarters  of  a  century  ago. 

The  present  generation  hardly  knows 
even  the  name  of  Abraham  Moise,  and 
his  Address  has  been  forgotten  for  sev- 
eral generations.  I  feel  it  a  privilege 
to  preserve  it  to  posterity. 


It  was  the  proud  boast  of  our  ances- 
tors to  consecrate  their  annual  rites 
and  ceremonies  with  songs  of  great  joy 
and  triumph,  with  stringed  instruments, 
"with  the  psaltery  and  the  harp."  There 
was  something  not  easily  described, 
which  almost  insensibly  attached  them 
to  the  periods  from  whence  they  were 
wont  to  date  their  origin,  to  which  they 
looked  with  peculiar  and  almost  un- 
speakable interest,  and  unto  which  they 
were  always  disposed  to  bring  their 
best  feelings  and  happiest  recollections. 
Nor  have  the  lively  emotions  of  our 
fathers,  the  kindred  sympathies  culti- 
vated in  days  of  old,  given  way  to  the 
severest  tests  of  simplicity  and  refine- 
ment of  the  present  day;  they  are  still 
common  with  all  mankind;  and  al- 
though they  are  characterized  by  new 
modes  of  displaying  a  .nation's  grrati- 
tude,  they  are  nevertheless  attended 
with  important  results,  both  as  regards 
their  lasting  impressions  upon  the  mind, 
as  well  as  their  general  tendency  to  per- 
petuate those  particular  designs  for 
which   societies   are  formed. 

The  instance  before  us  furnishes  a 
striking  illustration  of  this  truth.  When 
the  question  is  asked:  Why  have  the 
Reformed  Society  of  Israelites  convened 
on  this  day?  The  response  will  be  ex- 
hibited    in     every    countenance;     their 


presence  is  immediately  identified  with 
the  proudest  associations  of  their  ear- 
liest existence;  they  have  assembled  to 
look  back  at  the  past  year,  to  compare 
their  several  stages  of  progress  in  the 
holy  work  of  reformation,  and  to  in- 
cite each  other  to  future  acts  of  piety 
and  usefulness,  by  the  mutual  inter- 
change of  sentiment  and  good  feeling. 

This  in  itself  would  be  sufficient  cause 
for  distinguishing  this  day  as  a  day  of 
annual  celebration,  but  they  can  add 
with  perfect  ti-uth  and  sincerity  that 
they  have  congregated  for  the  discharge 
of  duties  of  a  higher  nature;  duties  not 
less  pleasing  in  themselves,  than  ele- 
vated in  their  character;  not  less  in  ac- 
cordance with  true  devotion,  than  per- 
manently useful  in  their  ultimate  con- 
sequences. They  have  come  here  this 
day  to  justify  themselves  to  the  world; 
to  unfold  to  all  mankind  the  broad 
principles  upon  which  they  expect  to 
rise  or  fall,  to  invite  candid  investiga- 
tion, and  to  expose  by  all  virtuous  ef- 
forts the  true  causes  which  impelled 
them  to  a  separation  from  their  Jewish 
brethren. 

Experience  has  well  attested  the 
fact,  that  with  large  bodies  of  men  the 
liberty  of  conscience  has  seldom  or 
ever  been  avowed,  without  great  neces- 
sity, and  in  many  instances,  at  the  ex- 
pense of  much  blood  and  treasure.  We 
are  daily  taught  by  common  observa- 
tion, that  unless  reasonable  men  are 
urged  by  some  powerful  motive,  unless 
driven  on  by  great  emergencies,  tliey 
will  not  readily  expose  themselves  to 
persecution  and  hatred,  by  the  expres- 
sion of  sentiments  and  opinions  at  va- 
riance with  their  neighbors,  or  in  direct 
opposition  to  those  particular  sects,  to 
which  they  may  belong.  Whenever, 
therefore,  a  body  of  men  assemble  to- 
gether for  this  purpose,  the  presump- 
tion must  be,  in  the  mind  of  every  re- 
flecting being,  that  they  have  not  con- 
vened for  "slight  and  transient  causes," 
but  that  the  suggestions  of  necessity 
and  conscience,  impel  them  to  act.  The 
history  of  the  world  is  a  full  confirma- 
tion of  the  position  I  have  assumed. 

There  is  nothing  more  common,  and 
yet  there  is  nothing  more  true,  than 
the  political  axiom,  that  necessity  com- 
pels mankind  to  give  up  a  part  of  their 
liberty.  While  it  urges  the  exercise  of 
that  "free  born  spirit."  which  will  bear 
no  control,  which  cannot  be  shackled, 
which  is  as  boundless  as  the  air  we 
breathe,  it  notwithstanding  drives  men 
from  "partial  evils"  to  perpetual  mis- 
ery and  suffering.  Present  inconveni- 
ence, with  the  prospect  of  future 
tranquillity,  often  render  the  best  of 
us   rather  unfit  to  bear  those  "ills   we 


have,"  than  "fly  to  others  that  we 
know  not  of."  Nor  is  this  more  appli- 
cable to  politics  than  religion;  from  the 
beginning  of  time,  any  human  re- 
traint,  of  whatever  character,  has  ever 
been  regarded  liy  mankind  as  the  in- 
vasion of  a  natural  right,  and  what  is 
called  necessity,  is  nothing  more  than 
the  effect  of  this  restraint  acting 
against  the  will.  It  was  this  nece.s- 
sity  which  established  the  Christian 
Reformation,  the  greatest  era,  perhaps, 
m  modern  times;  an  era  not  less  distin- 
guished for  the  obscurity  of  those 
with  whom  it  originated  than  remark- 
able for  the  singular  revolution  it  pro- 
duced in  the  religion  of  nearly  all  Eu- 
rope— the  gradual  and  almost  unac- 
countable conversion  of  millions  of  in- 
habitants already  born  and  educated  in 
a  particular  faith.  It  was  the  imperi- 
ous suggestions  of  conscience  which 
led  the  Puritans  across  the  Atlantic  to 
such  religious  freedom  in  a  nation  of 
savages,  and  to  lay  one  of  the  corner- 
stones to  the  political  existence  of  a 
people,  whose  civil  liberty  has  no  par- 
allel in  the  history  of  the  world.  It  is 
this  freedom  of  con.'cience  which  we 
hope  has  at  length  "broken  the  sceptre 
of  rabbinical  power,"  and  Jtiptinguishod 
the  nineteenth  century  as  the  proudest 
era  in  the  history  of  modern  Israel,  it 
is  this  necessity  which  is  everywhere 
encouraging  the  spirit  of  religious  in- 
quiry and  opening  every  avenue  to  the 
discovery  of  trufu.  In  short,  it  was  a 
moral  necessity  which  compelled  the 
"Reformed  Society  of 
the  twenty-first  day 
eighteen  hundred  and 
throw  off  the  yoke  of 
age,  and  to  declare 
from  the  influence 
priest-craft. 

To  enumerate  all  the  causes  whicli 
led  to  this  step  would  occupy  too  much 
time,  and  afford  little  or  no  interest  to 
many  of  you.  It  will  be  sufliicieni  to 
state  generally  that  for  agts  back,  and 
indeed  I'rom  tha  earliest  introduction 
of  what  is  termed  modern  Judaism, 
which  comprehends  the  "opinions,  tra- 
ditions, rites  and  ceremonies  practiced 
before  the  destruction  of  the  second 
Temple,  and  embodied  in  the  Cabalistic 
and  Talmudic  writings,"  the  Israelites 
throughout  the  world  have  uncon- 
sciously suffered  under  various  and 
intolerable  evils  resulting  from  a  sys- 
tem of  mental  thraldom  so  plausible, 
so  full  of  Rophist'-y,  that  it  :c-;  no  longer 
matter  of  surprise  all  Israel  should  at 
one  time  be  enveloped  in  darkness,  or 
that  the  whole  nation  should  have 
experienced  an  intellectual  shock  from 
which  they  have  not  yet  recovered. 


Israelites,"    on 

of     November, 

twenty-four,  to 

religious    bond- 

themselves      free 

of     bigotry    and 


They  had  not  only  lost  a  just  concep- 
tion of  the  true  God,  in  their  blind 
acquiescence  to  the  erroneous  doc- 
trins  of  the  Rabbins,  but  living,  as 
many  of  them  did,  in  countries  whose 
vernacular  was  any  other  than  the 
Hebrew  language,  they  were  compelled 
to  join  in  a  mode  of  worship  and  to 
adopt  a  certain  creed  altogether  in- 
comprehensible to  such  as  held  them- 
selves subject  to  Priestly  power  for 
the  regulation  of  their  conduct.  While 
they  allowed  themselves  to  be  ruled 
by  maxims  of  government  at  variance 
with  the  Jurisprudence  of  any  country, 
they  insensibly  assimilated  themselves 
to  the  idolatrous  practices  of  the  Pa- 
gans by  their  unqualified  subjection  to 
the  Priests  in  every  particular  of  their 
lives.  Hence  their  whole  form  of  wor- 
ship might  have  been  regarded  by  the 
indifferent  spectator  as  the  idle  and 
unmeaning  utterance  of  mere  sound 
rather  than  those  pious  appeals  to 
Heaven,  that  uplifting  of  the  soul  to 
God,  which  bespeak  a  heart  filled  with 
meekness  and  piety,  and  a  mind  deeply 
penetrated  with  the  sacred  responsibil- 
ities of  religion.  Nor  can  the  singu- 
larly bad  consequences  be  easily  com- 
puted to  which  this  ultimately  led; 
when  the  youth  of  the  nation  perceived 
how  limited  was  the  range  of  their 
duties  to  God,  thej'  necessarily  became 
partially  insensible  to  other  considera- 
tions connected  with  their  duties  to 
Society;  deprived  of  that  awful  chetk 
which  is  experienced  by  the  worst  of 
the  species  when  congregated  with  con- 
trite hearts  and  understanding  minds 
before  the  altars  of  the  Most  High,  and 
brought,  as  it  were,  of  their  free  will 
in  the  presence  of  Jehovah,  they  were 
careless  to  improve  either  their  moral 
condition,  or  to  study  and  observe  the 
Divine  precepts  of  their  law-giver.  To 
such  a  state  of  things  how  applicable 
are  the  words  of  Isaiah:  "The  ox 
knoweth  his  owner,  and  the  ass  his 
master's  crib;  but  Israel  doth  not 
know,  my  people  doth  not  consider." 
(Chap  I,  v:2.) 

The  gradual  abandonment  of  the  true 
faith  exists  at  the  present  day;  sub- 
stance has  yielded  to  form,  the  re- 
ligion of  the  heart  to  the  observance 
of  unmeaning  forms  and  ceremonies. 
While  we  are  forced  to  witness  the 
impious  exchange  of  the  honors  of  the 
Synagogue  for  a  consideration  in 
pounds,  shillings  and  pence,  while  Ave 
calmly  contemplate  these  evils,  we  are 
at  a  loss  whom  most  to  condemn,  those 
who  wantonly  usurp  this  moral 
tj'ranny,  or  those  who  tamely  submit 
to  it. 


"Bold     arrogance!       to     snatch     from 

Heaven 
Dominion  ne'er  to  mortals  given; 
O'er  Conscience  to  usurp  the  throne 
Accountable  to  God  alone." 

Let  it  then  be  remembered  to  the 
credit  of  the  Reformed  Society  of  Is- 
raelites that  they  are  the  first  who  are 
willing  and  determined  to  snatch  from 
destruction  the  dying  embers  of 
Israel's  name.  It  is  true  we  have  ac- 
quired little  of  what  the  world  calls 
glory,  either  in  wealth,  in  great  names. 
In  loud  triumphs;  yet  we  may  boast  of 
that  which  is  of  inestimable  value  to 
us,  and  of  acknowledged  importance  to 
posterity.  When  our  principles  shall 
have  permanently  settled  throughout 
the  United  States — when  the  modern 
Jew  shall  be  regarded  as  a  citizen  of 
the  world — distinguished  only  from 
such  as  have  imbibed  the  prejudices  of 
antiquity  and  considered  by  all  man- 
kind as  the  brother  of  every  good  man 
of  whatever  denomination — when  all 
distinctions  in  Society  shall  be  lost  in 
one  general  effort  to  be  virtually  con- 
sidered a  part  of  "God's  chosen  race," 
then  shall  we  indeed  boast  of  moral 
triuinphs,  far  above  the  cavils  of  poor 
mortality — of  intellectual  conquests — of 
the  products  of  rational  religion,  of 
virtue  and  piety.  And  who  does  not 
feel  sensibly  alive  to  these  great  ends? 
Who  is  it  that  will  fail  to  bow  in  sub- 
mission for  the  privilege  of  an  unin- 
terrupted communion  with  his  God? 
Who  is  so  steeped  in  vice,  so  estranged 
from  virtue,  as  not  to  hail  that  the 
happiest  period  of  his  life,  in  which  he 
may  lift  his  aspirations  to  Jehovah 
through  the  medium  of  his  heart — the 
unspeakable  felicity  of  living  in  the  un- 
ceasuing  discharge  of  a  debt  of  grati- 
tude? 

We  claim,  then,  to  be  the  advocates 
of  a  system  of  rational  religion:  of 
substance,  not  form.  For  this  we  hold 
ourselves  responsible  to  God  and  our 
consciences.  We  look  not  to  the  an- 
tiquity of  rites  and  ceremonies  as  a 
just  criterion  for  their  observance  by 
us,  but  to  their  propriety,  their  gen- 
eral utility,  their  peculiar  applicability 
to  the  age  and  country  in  which  we 
live;  to  the  feelings,  sentiments  and 
opinions  of  Americans.  We  regard  the 
free  toleration  of  religion  in  this  coun- 
try as  a  bond  of  union  between  Jew 
and  Gentile;  and  the  great  privileges 
which  have  been  guaranteed  to  us  by 
the  heroes  of  the  Revolution,  as  strong 
evidences  of  national  deliverance.  For, 
if  we  trace  the  singular  destiny  of  our 
nation  from  their  passage  through  the 
Red  Sea,  and  their  miraculous  deliver- 


ance  from  the  tyranny  of  Pharaoh;  if 
we  accompany  them  to  the  Desert  and 
witness  their  numberless  sufferings, 
their  fatigues,  their  scanty  food,  the 
variety  of  privations  they  endured  un- 
til the  passage  of  the  Jordan;  if  we 
follow  them  into  Canaan,  and  observe 
their  struggles  with  the  Ammonites, 
the  Moabites,  the  Syrians,  and  the 
Edomites,  until  the  reign  of  King  Sol- 
omon; their  subsequent  glory  for  cen- 
turies, and  their  captivity  in  Babylon, 
until  the  generous  edict  of  Cyrus;  if  we 
pause  in  breathless  amazement  to  con- 
template their  indescribable  miseries 
at  the  siege  of  Jerusalem,  the  moral 
tyranny  and  degradation  they  suffered 
under  the  scepter  of  Antiochus;  their 
famine,  their  pestilence,  their  thou- 
sands of  victims  t»  the  sword  of  Adri- 
an; if  we  look  to  the  singular  visita- 
tion of  Heaven  in  their  repeated  at- 
tempts to  rebuild  their  temple,  and 
pursuing  their  bloody  track  to  the  pres- 
ent day,  compare  them  hunted  down 
like  wild  beasts  in  France,  Spain, 
Italy,  Germany  and  England,  and  con- 
trast all  this  with  the  glorious  desti- 
nies of  such   as  have  profited   by   the 


discovery  of  Columbus,  how  shall  we 
find  language  sufficiently  strong,  suffi- 
ciently animated  to  paint,  in  appropri- 
ate colors,  the  splendid  achievement 
of  our  national   independence? 

If  our  system  is  sound  it  will  stand 
as  the  moral  emblem  of  truth,  shed- 
ding lustre  upon  itself,  and  dissipating 
the  dark  clouds  which  encircle  its  base. 
If  bad,  it  deserves  to  perish;  nor  shall 
we  ask  for  it  more  than  it  merits. 
What  is  established  upon  principle 
must  be  supported  by  principle;  what 
is  sustained  by  truth,  is  not  likely  to 
be  shaken  by  the  reproaches  of  either 
the  bad  or  good;  and  that  this  is  the 
foundation  of  our  whole  system  is  suf- 
ficiently proved  by  the  uniform  tenor 
of  our  conduct  from  the  birth  of  our 
institution  to  the  present  moment.  The 
eye  of  scrutiny  itself  can  discover  in 
no  single  act  of  our  Society,  the  slight- 
est variance  from  our  original  design; 
and  as  we  have  ever  regarded  the 
"Law  and  the  Prophets"  as  our  immor- 
tal guide,  so  shall  we  pertinaciously 
adhere  to  the  divine  precepts  of  the 
one,  and  the  moral  doctrines  of  the 
other. 


[  Reprinted  from  the  Sunday  News,  February  24, 1907.— No.  3.] 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Book. 


By  Dr  Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


My  article  to-daj'  will  consist  of  some 
furthei-  notes  on  the  Jews  of  early 
South  Carolina.  These  notes,  while  ad- 
ding- something  to  our  knowledge  of 
the  subject,  Avill  not  add  a  very  great 
deal.  Personally,  it  is  a  source  of  gniti 
fication  to  me  to  know  that  my  former 
work  Avas  done  with  such  thoroughness, 
that  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  fifteen 
months  have  elap.sed  since  my  book 
was  published,  during  which  time  T 
have  been  steadily  working  among  tin, 
archives  of  our  Strste,  I  have  only  beeji 
able  to  And  a  fev.^  meager  pickings. 

And  here  I  wauld  like  to  express  a 
word  of  needful  warning  to  the  worker 
among  our  early  records.  Let  not  the 
student  trust  the  index  to  any  old 
manuscript  volume  if  he  finds  one;  if 
he  does,  some  of  his  best  material  will 
escape  him.  I  have  myself  recently 
gone  over  the  early  Grant  and  Memo- 
rial Books  page  by  page,  and  have 
found  a  wealth  of  material  to  whicn  the 
indices  give  ab.solutely  no  clue.  Re- 
search means  hard  work,  but  the  re- 
sult is  worth  while.  With  these  re- 
flections, I  come  to  the  subject  of  ni.v 
article. 


The  F*fr«t  Jew  In  South  Carolina. 

The  headline  forces  me  to  smile. 
When  my  book  was  published,  I  le 
ceived  two  letteis  from  a  couple  of 
friends — capable  v.orkers  in  the  histori- 
cal field,  calling  my  attention  to  the 
fact  that  1  had  slipped  up  seriously  in 
neglecting  to  note  a  discovery  made  by 
Mr  Huhner  in  i.he  course  of  his  origin- 
al, brilliant  and  exhaustive  researches 
in  the  libraries  of  New  York;— especi- 


ally strange  in  view  of  the  circum- 
stance that  Mr  Huhner  had  been  gen- 
erous enough  to  publish  his  discovery 
in  what  purports  to  be  his  paper  on  the 
Jews  of  South  Carolina,  read  before  the 
American  Jewish  Historical  Sociei;.>'^. 
(See  Publication!?,  No  12,  p.  42.) 

In  my  review  of  Mr  Huhner's  work, 
I  stated,  and  gave  reasons  enough  for 
my  opinion,  that  this  highly— accredited 
historian  knew  «o  little  of  the  subject 
on  wliich  he  was  writing,  that  hs  did 
not  know  enough  to  copy  even  the  sim- 
plest historical  .statement  intelligently 
and  without  confusion.  The  following 
example  from  Mr  Huhner's  article,  will 
further  illustrate  my  statement  and  at 
the  same  time  pomt  the  lesson  of  the 
absurdity  of  the  attempts  of  outsider!? 
to  write  local   irlstory: 

"In  a  curious  iittle  volume  which  the 
writer  found  at  the  Lenox  Library  en- 
titled "A  Peep  into  the  Past  by  an 
Ancient  Lady  of  Charleston."  it  is 
stated  that  the  name  of  Mordecai 
Xathan  is  mentioned  in  an  Assessment 
of  the  Inhabitants  of  Charleston  as 
early  as  1694." 

AV^ere  this  true,  it  would  indeed  bo 
interesting,  for  we  should  be  sure  of 
the  name  of  the  earliest  Jew  of  record 
in  South  Carolina.  But  unfortunately 
Mr  Huhner  is  as  unreliable  as  his 
authority,  and  oannot  ev'en  be  trustinl 
in  his  quotations.  In  the  volume  which 
he  quotes,  Mrs.  Poyas.  the  "Octogena- 
rian Lady,"  does  not  refer  to  Charles- 
ton at  all.  but  to  .-"i.  "old  Assessment  of 
the  inhabitants  of.  the  Parish  of  St. 
James'  Goose  Ci-eok,  for  January,  160 1." 
which  she  says  she  has  seen.  To  Mr 
Huhner,  who  in  his  now  famous  article 
tliought  Ninety  Six  "near  Charleston." 
St  James',  Goose  Creek,  in  Charleston, 
is  near  enough.  iJut  not  for  us.  Bo- 
sides,  who  but  Ml-  Huhner  would  think 
of  trusting  an  oc;ogenarian  lady's  eye- 
sight in  historical  matters?  Mr  Huhner 
as  a  lawyer  ought  to  know  better  thari 
that.     It   was   easy  enough   for   him   to 


ascertain  when  the  Parish  of  St  James' 
Goose  Creek  was  established,  and  to 
know  that  there  was  no  such  Parish 
till  1706.  (See  Statutes  of  South  Caro- 
lina, Vol.  2,  p.  'JS;i.)  Mordicai  Natlian 
was  in  New  York  in  1711.  He  appears 
in  our  records  in  1715,  and  it  was  bom«.' 
time  between  these  years  that  he  came 
to  Charles  Town. 


Simon  Valentljn. 

In  my  volume  on  the  Jews  of  South 
Carolina,  I  have  given  numei-ous  refer- 
ences to  this  inte'erting  character  whr. 
lived  in  Charles  Town  from  1695  or  169'; 
till  about  1709.  Ho  was  certainly  the 
most  prominent  Jew  in  the  Province  (f 
his  day,  and  judging  from  the  number 
of  times  his  nam^  appears  on  adniiuis- 
tratlon  bonds,  he  must  have  been  xir.tt 
of  the  strongest  citizens  financially  i!i 
Charles  Town  in  1700.  His  wife's  nam':- 
was  Judith.  Her  name  occurs  only  once 
in  the  records,  in  a  Deed  of  Cou\ey- 
ance  registered  in  Columbia  (Grant 
book  Vol.  1701-1712,  page  29)  dated 
March  17,  1708.  The  following  inter- 
esting item  concerning  him  occurs  in 
an  article  entitled  "Municipal  Begin- 
nings," in  the  Courier  of  Nov.  27  1855: 
"MILITARY  POLICE  AND  PATliOL 
— 1703.  The  following  citizens  naving 
volunteered,  are  aj)pointed  commission- 
ers to  take  charge  of  the  town  gutird 
and  patrol,  which  then  regarded  ene- 
mies from  abroad,  as  well  as  internal 
disturbances: 

■  NICK  TROTT  (chief  justice  and  a 
proprietary  deputy.)  HENRY  NOBLE, 
Esq.,  a  proprietary  deputy,  Col  JAMRt^ 
RISBEE,  Col.  JOHN  LOGAN.  Lt.  Col. 
WM  RHETT,  Muj.  ALEX  PARHIS, 
Maj.  WM.  SMITH,  Capt.  WM  WEiilJxIO- 
LF:Y,  EDWARD  LOUGHTON,  SIMON 
VALENTINE,  BEN  J.  LAMBOLL. 
PAUL  LAMOUCHE,  JOHN  BUCK- 
LEY, JAS.  SERURIER  SMITH.  JAS. 
INGERSON,  LEWIS  PASQUERIOaU. 
THOS.  PINKNEY.  WM.  GIBBONS  and 
LEWIS    LANSAC." 

Snmiiel   i>Iiii«>kN. 

This  name  i.s  an  addition  to  our  early 
Jewish  Directory.  I  liave  not  met  with 
the  name  elsewhere,  but  I  am  sati.^lied, 
from  the  number  ef  times  it  occurs  in 
connection  with  tliat  of  Simon  Valcii- 
tijn,  that  it  is  the  name  of  a  Jew.  T 
was  somewhat  in  tlouljt  at  first  as  to 
the  reading  of  the  name.  It  occm-rod 
to  me  while  puz-/:ling  with  it  in  the 
early  script,  that  ^lincks  was  a  copy- 
ist's error  for  Meadis.  Be  it  reineni  • 
bered  that  Jacob  Mendis  was  one  of 
the  four  Jews  naturalized  in  Charles 
Town  in  1697.    Sanu'el  Mincks  was  here 


in  1696.  If  the  reader  will  take  the 
trouble  to  writo  the  two  names  on 
paper  and  study  them  attentively  for 
a  moment,  he  cannot  but  be  struck  by 
the  fact  that  a  copyist  unfamiliar  with 
the  signature,  would  naturally  rea.l 
"Mincks"  for  "Mendis."  The  name 
Mincks,  apart  from  the  individual  we 
are  discussing  doe'^  not  obtain  in  our 
records.  I  do  not  care  to  press  my  sur- 
mise in  face  of  the  fact  that  it  occurs 
in  three  separate  documents,  but  it  is 
worth  keeping  in  mind.  Some  day 
something  may  turn  up  that  will  fur- 
nish a  clue.  I  will  therefore  only  give 
the  references  whore  the  name  occurs: 

1.  Bond  from  Samuell  Minckes.  of  the 
County  of  Berkley,  to  Mathew  Taladar, 
dated  Oct.  14,  1606.  It  is  witnessed  by 
Simon     Valentijn.     (Grant     Book     1C96- 

1703,  p.  7.) 

2.  Bond  from  Mathew  Taladar  to 
Samuel  Mincks,  bearing  the  same  date 
and  similarly  witnessed.     (Ibid.,  p.  S.) 

3.  Bill  of  Sale  .if  a  negro  from  Samuel 
Mincks  of  Charles  Town,  to  Simon  Val- 
entine, dated  Oct.  27,  1G96.  (Probate 
Court  Records,  Charleston,  Volume  1094- 

1704,  p.  323.) 


Mo.««e.««   Mntlinn. 

Another  addition  to  our  Directory  is 
Moses  Medina.  I  tiave  found  his  name 
in  only  two  records.  He  is  a  witness 
to  a  bond  executed  by  Thomas  Koliy. 
of  the  Island  of  Barbados,  mariner, 
now  sojourning  u,  Charles  Town.  This 
bond  is  dated.  March  12.  1702-3.  (Pro- 
bate  Court  Records,  Charleston,  Voluni3 
1694-1704,  p.  392.)  The  second  document 
is  a  Deed  of  Sale  of  a  negro  boy  irom 
Moses  Madina,  of  Charles  Town,  mer- 
chant, to  Thomas  Linch.  It  is  dat^'d 
Feb.  24,  1707-S,  and  is  witnessed  by 
David  Riz.  (Book  Grants,  Sales.  &c, 
1703-9,pp.  149-150.) 


David    Rix. 

This  name  is  i^tiU  another  addition  to 
our  Directory.  David  Riz  mtist  have 
been  a  man  of  some  prominence  In 
Charles  Town,  fo:-;  I  find  his  nani^  no 
less  than  ten  times  on  dociinienls  of 
\arious  character  during  the  years  170S 
and  1709.  He  came  from  Jamaica.  In 
a  list  of  persons  ))iofessing  tiie  .Je\'.  isli 
religion  naturalised  in  Jamaica  in  174:', 
there  occurs  the  name  of  Hannah  Lope/. 
Riz.  Several  of  the  bonds  made  to  him 
are  to  be  paid  in  "current  money  oi  the 
Island  of  Jamaica."  His  signatures  .are 
to  be  found  as  follows: 

Grant  Book  1,  1701-1712,  pp.  44.  46,  .50, 
54.  66,  86.  87. 

Book  Grants,  Sales,  &c.  D  1703-9,  pp. 
143,   149,    150. 


Mlscellaneoiij*  References. 

While  on  the  subject  of  miscellane- 
ous references,  I  have  noted  a  lew 
items  that  I  had  better  print  before  ! 
lose  sight  of  them. 

In  the  South-Carolina  Gazette  for 
April  1,  1732,  Mr.  Abraham  Mussius 
(sic)  advertises  for  a  runaway  Slavic. 
The  name  Massiar.  is  a  Jewish  name 
that  obtains  in  South  Carolina. 
Whether  the  advertiser's  name  is  mis- 
spelled I  do  not  know.  We  do  not  nioet 
him  again. 

In  our  Mesne  Conveyance  Records, 
Book  00.  p.  356,  dated  1754,  we  find  the 
name  of  "Mo.ses  Ptirmiento,  sutlei'.'  It 
sounds  like  a  Jewish  name,  but  there 
js  no  other  reference  to  him. 

In  the  Diary  of  Mrs.  Gabriel  Mani- 
gault  (Ann  Ashby.  1754-1781,)  recently 
acquired  by  the  South  Carolina  His- 
torical Society,  the  diarist  makes  the 
following  reference  to  Moses  Lindo's 
death: 

"April  24.  Moftcs  Lindo  died."  (p. 
45.) 

In  an  article  "Pa'metto  Day,"  in  thp 
Courier  of  June  2S  1856,  the  house  of 
Mr.  Lindo  in  Ansonborough  is  referred 
to.  Near  this  hDuse  the  soldiers  use'l 
to  parade  in  the  tariy  days. 

Barly  Naturalization  PaperN. 

Leaving  ihese  miscellaneous  notes,  I 
will  now  call  attention  to  some  most 
interesting  Jewisii  naturalization  paper.? 
that  I  have  discovered  since  the  com- 
pletion of  my  Volume.  The  ifirst,  that 
of  Abraham  Avila,  of  whom  my  book 
has  several  notices,  is  to  be  found  in 
the  Columbia  Records,  Book  Grants, 
1696-1703,   pp.   81-2. 


Abraham  Avila. 

CAROLINA 

The  Right  Honble  Joseph  Blake  Kpfjr. 
one  of  the  true  and  absolute  L  )rd?  and 
Proprs  of  ye  Pro\  ince  of  Carolina,  Com- 
mander in  Chief  vice  Admiral  and  Gov- 
ernor of  South  Carolina:  To  aH  Judges 
Justices  Magistrates  ministers  and  of- 
ficers Ecclesiasticall  and  Civill  and  to 
all  persons  whatsoever  to  whome  this 
shall  come  to  be  seen,  heard  or  read  or 
known  GRi^^JETING 

KNOW  Yee  that  Abraham  Avilla 
Meicht,  an  alien  of  the  Jewish  Nation 
borne  out  of  the  allegiance  of  the 
Crowne  of  England  hath  taken  his  nath 
of   Allegiance    to    our  Soveraign?   Lord 


William  the  Third  over  England  .Scot- 
land France  and  Ireland  King  &c  De- 
fender of  ye  faith  and  hath  >lone  every 
other  thing  wch  by  an  act  of  Assembly 
made  att  Charles  Town  in  ihe  ninfh 
Yeare  of  the  Raigne  of  our  Sovraign^ 
Lord  King  William  &c.  Anno  Dom: 
One  Thousand  Six  hundred  ninety  Six 
and  seaven  entituled  an  Act  to  make 
aliens  free  of  this  part  of  this  Province 
and  for  Granting  Liberty  of  Contience 
to  all  Protestants  as  hee  is  rc'iuired  to 
do  and  is  fully  and  effectually  to  all  In- 
tents Constructions  and  Purposes  Qual- 
lified  and  Capasitated  to  have  use  and 
Enjoy  all  the  rights  privileges  Powfrs 
and  Immunities  Given  or  Intended  to 
be  Given  to  any  alien  then  Inhabil.int 
of  South  Carolina  by  ye  aforesd  .^vct  to 
Certifie  wch  I  have  hereunto  Sett  my 
hand  and  Caused  the  Publick  Seale  to 
bee  affixed  att  Charles  Town  the 
Twenty  Sixth  day  of  May  anno  Dom. 
one  thousand  six  hundred  ninc^ty  and 
seaven  JOSEPH  BLAKE. 

Registerd  this   3rd     Day     of     August 
Anno  Dom  1698. 

THO:  ROSE  DEPTY  REGR. 


In  the  Volume  Miscellaneous  Records? 
EE  1740,  pp.  110  and  111,  there  are  two 
certificates  recorded — of  Moses  de  Mat- 
tos  and  Joseph  Tobias. 

JoNepIt   Tobiax. 

SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

This  is  to  Certify  that  at  a  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  held  at  Charles  Tov,  n  in 
the  Province  aforesaid  on  the  Twenty 
sixth  day  of  November  1741  befive  Ben- 
jamin Whitaker  Esqr  Chief  .Tusric-^  .and 
his  Associates  appeared  Joseph  Tobi.is 
a  Jew  between  the  Hours  of  ni»ie  and 
Twelve  in  the  forenoon  of  the  san^e  day 
in  order  to  be  Naturalized  pursuanc  to 
an  Act  of  Parliament  intituled  .m  Act 
for  Naturalizing  such  Fon'ign  ]*i'o- 
testants  and  otliers  therein  mentioned 
as  are  Settled  or  shall  Settle  in  any  of 
of  his  Matys  Colonies  in  Amoii^a 
passed  in  the  Thirteenth  Yen*  of  his 
present  Matys  Reign  and  having-  de- 
clared  before   the   said   Judge   that   he 


had  lived  Seven  years  in  his  Matys 
Colonies  in  America  and  had  not  been 
absent  more  than  two  Months  at  any 
one  time  during  the  said  sewn  i'ears 
took  the  Oaths  (the  words  upon  tlie 
True  faith  of  a  Christian— havin??  been 
omitted  in  administring  the  simf)  and 
made  and  Subscribed  the  Declaration 
appointed  hy  the  Act  (Geo:)  in  the 
said  Act  of  Parliament  mentioned 
pursuant  to  the  Directions  of  the  said 

Act 

BENJAMIN  WHITAK.fr. 

26  November  1741. 
Recoi-ded  the  11th   December  1741 

Fxd  J.  Hammerton 

[The  omission  ot  the  words  "upon  the 
true  faith  of  a  Christian"  in  adminster- 
Ing-  the  oath  is  worthy  of  note.  It  %vus 
not  till  1853  that  the  "Test  Oath"  was 
finally  abolished  in  England.  It  look 
a  hundred  and  fiCfy  years  of  persistent 
fighting  to  win  this  toleration  for  the 
Jew.] 


The  following  Naturalization  Papei's 
are  to  be  found  in  a  volume  enlil.le.l 
"Citizen's  Book,"  that  has  recently 
come  to  light  in  Columbia.  The  first  of 
ti'ese  is  interesting— that  of  Lyon  Levy 
who  was  afterwards  for  many  years 
State  Treasurer  in  Charleston. 

Lyon  I>evi. 

SOUTH    CAROLINA 

CHARLESTON  THIS  IS  TO  CER- 
TIFY that  Lyon  Levi  late  a  Subject  of 
the  King  of  Great  Britain  is  become  a 


Citizen  of  this,  he  having  taken  and 
Subscribed  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  and 
Fidelity  according  to  An  Act  of  As- 
sembly in  that  case  made  and  provided 
but  is  not  entitled  to  vote  at  any  Elec- 
tions of  the  State  or  City — . 

Given  under  my  hand  this  tv/enly 
fifth  day  of  September  in  the  Year  of 
Our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundrt-d 
and  eighty  six — and  in  the  Eleventh 
Year  of  the  Independence. of  America 

J.  F.  Grimke 

Recorded  21st  May  1788. 

Other   I'npers. 

Other  certificate.-?  are  the  following: 

Jacob  Cantor,  Junior,  late  a  subject 
of  the  United  Netherlands,  dated  July 
15,  1784. 

Isaac  Benedix,  Gent.,  late  a  citizen  of 
the  United  Provinces  of  Holland,  dated 
June  1,   1787. 

Joshua  Jonas,  Gent.,  late  a  subject 
of  the  King  of  Gi-eat  Britain,  dated  Dec. 
5,   1786. 

Esaias  Moses,  now  of  Colinnbia, 
dated  August  27,  1S06.  The  certificate 
sets  forth  that  he  was  born  in  Hanover 
in  the  German  Empire  where  he  lived 
until  he  came  to  this  State,  and  that 
he  has    no   family. 

Lewis  Levy,  a  rative  of  England,  22 
years  old,  has  resided  in  this  State 
since  1819.     Recorded,   Nov.  7,  1825. 

In  the  same  volume,  there  is  a  most 
interesting  slip  in  ragged  condliion, 
which  contains  the  original  signatures 
of  a  niunber  of  men  who  took  the  oalli 
of  allegiance  to  the  State  of  K-M)uth 
Carolina  on  March  27,  1784.  Included  in 
this  list  are  tlie  names  of  Joseph  Sal- 
vador and  Philip  Moses. 


I  Iteprlnted  from  the  Sunday  News,  March  .1, 1907.— No.*4.1 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Book. 


By  Dr  Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


My  article  to-day  will  again  be  taken 
up  with  Jewish  material,  which  I  trust, 
however,  will  not  be  without  interest  to 
the  general  reader.  I  shall  next  week 
return  to  the  general  history  of  South 
Carolina. 

The  F^rst  Conflrmatlon  Ceremony  In 
the   American    Syna^^oi^ue. 

The  complete  story  of  the  Synagogue 
in  America  has  not  yet  been  written. 
We  are  fairly  familiar  with  the  history 
of  American  Judaism  since  the  advent 
of  the  German  Reformers  of  the  forties. 
None  of  our  writers,  however,  has 
known  anything  of  the  earlier  develop- 
ment, save  from  secondary  sources — al- 
ways dangerous  sources  of  information. 
The  reader  should  be  reminded  that 
the  early  writers  manifest  a  complete 
lack  of  the  historic  sense,  if  not  of 
literary  conscience — their  statements 
being  often  contradicted  by  the  most 
positive  documentary  evidence.  No 
matter  how  apparently  straightforward 
their  story  is,  it  is  always  well  not  to 
trust  their  statements  unless  borne  out 
by  confirmatory  proofs. 

Unfortunately  for  the  historian,  many 
of  the  documents  are  no  longer  in  ex- 
istence. But  in  spite  of  this  fact,  every 
now  and  again  the  investigator  is  re- 
warded bj'  a  "And"  of  value.  Two  such 
documents  have  recently  come  into  the 
writer's  possession,  and  with  their  dis- 
covery, the  story  of  the  first  reform 
movement  can  be  written  authentically 
for  the  first  time. 

The  first  document  referred  to  is  the 
Prayer  Book  of  the  Reformed   Society 


of  Israelites,  printed  in  Charleston  in 
1830 — a  volume  unknown  to  all  the 
writers.  And  a  most  beautiful  Prayer 
Book  it  is,  with  its  diction  almost  classi- 
cal— in  which  respect  it  is  in  marked 
contrast  with  later  productions. 

The  second  document  is  the  original 
Constitution  of  the  Society,  which  em- 
bodies among  other  valuab'.e  things, 
the  Memorial  addressed  to  the  Vestry 
of  the  Charleston  Congregation,  in  1824, 
and  the  rejection  of  which  led  to  the  in- 
stitution of  the  first  reform  movement. 
This  document  establishes  the  interest- 
ing fact  which  we  have  not  known 
hitherto,  viz;  that  the  Charleston  move- 
ment was  not,  strictly  speaking,  a  na- 
tive movement,  but  was  directly  con- 
nected with  the  similiar  movement 
then  in  full  swing  in  Germany.  The 
original  Memorial  contains  a  long  ex- 
tract from  the  "Frankfort  Journal"  uf 
1824,  referring  to  a  number  of  reforms 
similar  to  those  demanded  by  the  me- 
morialists. These  documents  will  be 
published  in  the  near  future. 

But  to  come  back  to  our  thesis.  The 
following  extract  from  the  just-men- 
tioned Prayer  Book  shows  how  con- 
firmation was  conducted  in  Charleston, 
in  1825.  This  selection  is  only  one  of 
many  beautiful  "reforms"  which  the 
volume  contains. 

MODE  OF  CONFIRMATION. 

(Any  one  born  of  Jewish  parents,  not 
under  the  age  of  thirteen,  and  desirous 
of  expressing  his  belief  in  the  Jewish 
faith,  may,  on  any  Sabbath,  make  dec- 
laration of  the  same  and  be  confirmed 


therein  as  follows.  He  advances  to  the 
minister's  desk,  and  says:) 

Youth. — Here,  in  the  presence  of  this 
congregation,  and  in  the  presence  of 
that  gracious  God  whose  goodness  has 
endowed  me  with  reason,  I  desire  to 
declare  my  firm  and  religious  belief  in 
the  divine  origin  of  the  moral  law,  and 
in  the  great  articles  of  the  Jewish  faith. 
1  desire  to  appear  in  the  presence  of 
heaven  and  earth,  an  Israelite  accord- 
ing to  the  faith  and  customs  of  the  Re- 
formed Society  of  Israelites,  in  whose 
temple  of  worship  I  now  stand. 

Minister. — My  son,  dost  thou  act  from 
thine  own  free  will,  and  is  this  the 
wish  of  thy  heart  and  the  conviction  of 
thy  understanding? 

Youth. — It  is.  I  have  been  taught  to 
love  the  paths  of  piety  and  virtue;  I 
hope  to  follow  them.  Through  God's 
goodness,  I  also  hope  that  I  compre- 
hend the  essential  points  of  our  ex- 
cellent religion,  and  I  shall  strive  with 
my  best  endeavors  to  observe  and  prac- 
tice through  life  its  moral  and  pious 
doctrines.  ' 

Minister. — Repeat,  my  son,  the  articles 
of  that  I'eligious  creed  which  thou  hast 
adopted,  and  in  which  thy  parents  and 
guardians,  assisted  by  thine  own  m- 
dustry,  have  happily  instructed  thee. 
Repeat  them,  in  sincerity  and  truth; 
for  the  offering  thou  art  about  to  make 
must  be  a  free-will  offering  unto  God. 
If  any  compulsion  hath  been  exercised 
toward  thee,  the  sin  of  hypocrisy  will 
be  thine,  in  declaring  that  which  is  not 
in  thy  heart,  and  the  sin  of  tyranny 
and  impiety  on  those  who  have  brought 
thee  hither  against  thy  will.  Repeat  to 
me,  then,  the  articles  of  our  holy  faith. 

Youth. — I  repeat  them  freely,  with 
sincerity,  and  truth. 

ARTICLES   OF  FAITH. 

T.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith,  that 
(God  Almighty  (blessed  be  His  name!) 
is  the  Creator  and  Governor  of  all  cre- 
ation; and  that  He  alone  has  made, 
does  make,  and  will  make  al!  things. 

II.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith,  that 
the  Creator  (blessed  be  His  name!)  is 
only  ONE  IN  UNITY;  to  which  there 
Is  no  resemblance;  and  that  He  alone 
has  been,   is,  and   will   be  God. 

III.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith, 
that  the  Creator  (blessed  be  His  name!) 
is  not  corporeal,  nor  to  be  compre- 
hended by  any  understanding  capable 
of  comprehending  only  what  is  cor- 
poreal; and  that  there  is  nothing  like 
Him  in  the  universe.     • 

IV.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith,  that 
the  Creator  (blessed  be  His  name!)  is 
the  only  true  object  of  adoration,   and 


that  no  other  being  whatsoever  ought 
to  be  worshipped. 

V.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith,  that 
the  soul  of  man  is  breathed  into  him  b^" 
God,   and  is   therefore   immortal! 

VI.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith,  that 
the  Creator  (blessed  be  His  name!) 
knows  all  things,  and  that  He  will  re- 
ward those  who  observe  His  commands, 
and  punish  those  who  transgress  them. 

VII.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith, 
that  the  laws  of  God,  as  delivered  by 
Moses  in  the  Ten  Commandments,  are 
the  only  true  foundations  of  piety  to- 
ward the  Almighty  and  of  morality 
among  men. 

VHI.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith, 
that  morality  Is  essentially  connected 
with  religion,  and  that  good  faith  to- 
ward all  mankind  is  among  the  most 
acceptable  offerings  to  the  Deity. 

IX.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith,  that 
the  love  of  God  is  the  highest  duty  of 
His  creatures,  and  that  the  pure  and 
upright  heart  is  the  chosen  temple  of 
Jehovah. 

X.  I  believe  with  a  perfect  faith,  that 
the  Creator  (blessed  be  His  name!)  is 
the  onlj'  true  Redeemer  of  all  His  chil- 
dren, and  that  He  will  spread  the  wor- 
ship of  His  name  over  the  whole  earth. 

Minister. — May  God  bless  thee,  my 
son;  and  mayst  thou  ever  be  mindful 
of  thy  duty  toward  God,  and  thy  duty 
toward  thy  fellow  creatures.  Let  us 
praise  the  Lord  God  who  created  man 
after  the  image  of  His  angels,  wh? 
created  him  a  rational,  a  responsible, 
an   immortal  soul. 

From  1825  to  1907  is  a  far  cry.  Are 
we  really  in  advance  of  the  early  Re- 
formers?    We  doubt  it. 


Anent  Traditions. 

In  the  introduction  to  my  History  of 
the  Jews  of  South  Carolina,  I  stated 
that  in  my  work  tradition  would  play 
but  an  insignificant  part;  that  it  was 
as  well  to  let  traditions  die;  ihfit  while 
interesting  to  the  general  reader,  they 
do  not  as  a  rule  help  the  truth  of  his- 
tory. 

Mr  Max  J.  Kohler,  the  Secretary  of 
the  American  Jewish  Historical  So- 
ciety, doesn't  like  my  method  of  writing 
history.  I  am  glad  of  it.  If  he  did  like 
it,  I  should  have  reason  to  fear  that 
there  was  something  wrong  with  it. 
Inasmuch,  however,  as  my  knowledge 
of  the  subject  under  discussion  com- 
bined with  Mr  Kohler's,  represents  ex- 
actly, mathematically  speaking,  neither 
more  nor  less,  what  my  own  knowledge 
represents,  it  would  manifestly  be  a 
waste  of  time  on  my  part  to  have  any 
ai-gument  with  him.     When  I  wrote  as 


I  did,  I  wrote  advisedly,  with  the  full- 
est knowledge  of  the  traditions  of  the 
Jews  of  South  Carolina,  and  with  a  fair 
idea,  born  of  my  own  reflection  and 
study,  of  the  underlying  truth  that  was 
contained  in  them.  Ten  years  of  in- 
cessant investigation  ought,  I  think, 
to  entitle  a  man  to  express  an  opinion 
as  to  the  value  of  traditions  in  a  field 
of  research  that  he  has  made  eminently 
his  own.  So  that  I  am  not  convinced 
of  the  evil  of  my  ways,  and  the  re- 
ception of  my  volume  by  a  critical  pub- 
lic seems  to  bear  me  out  in  iny  view  of 
the  matter.  Hence,  in  my  second  vol- 
ume, the  manuscript  of  which  will,  I 
trust,  soon  be  in  the  printer's  hands,  I 
propose  to  continue  to  use  my  own  de- 
fective methods,  in  preference  to  Mr 
Kohler's — to  him  more  satisfactory 
ones. 

All  this  anent  a  bit  of  tradition  that 
I  have  been  trying  to  straighten  out  for 
many  years,  but  without  success. 

Abraham  Alexander  (1743-1816)  was 
the  second  Reader  of  the  Congregation 
Beth  Elohim,  succeeding  Isaac  Da 
Costa  about  the  year  1764.  A  family 
tradition  tells  that  he  came  to  South 
Carolina  a  widower,  and  that  he  mar- 
ried a  second  time  under  very  roinantic 
circumstances.  He  was,  namely,  a  sol- 
dier in  the  Revolution,  and  while  walk- 
ing guard  one  night,  rendered  signal 
service  to  a  lady  who  liappened  to  be 
passing  at  the  time.  This  lady,  herself 
a  widow,  was  a  Christian — Mrs  Ann 
Sarah  Irby,  formerly  a  Miss  Huguenm, 
of  Charleston,  whom  he  afterwards 
married.  She  was  never  formally  made 
a  Jewess,  the  tradition  coniinues,  but 
lived  a  consistent  Jewess  all  her  life. 
When  she  died,  however,  she  was  de- 
nied Jewish  burial  by  reason  cf  the  fact 
that  she  hud  never  been  formally  ad- 
mitted into  the  faith.  So  far  the  tra- 
dition.    Now  for  the  facts. 

Abraham  Azuby  was  elected  Hazan, 
or  Reader  of  the  Congregation  in  17S4. 
successor  to  Abraham  Alexander.  Had 
the  latter's  marriage  anything  to  do 
with  his  retirement?  Or  did  the  Co;i- 
gregation  tire  of  him  after  twenty 
years  of  service,  as  so  many  modern 
congregations  do  of  their  ministers? 
Was  the  election  of  Abraham  Azuby 
due  to  the  fact  that  Beth  Elohim  was 
now  able  to  have  a  paid  Reader? 
(Abraham  Alexander  gave  his  services 
gratuitously.)     I  do  not  know. 

As  to  the  marriage  of  Abraham  Alex- 
ander to  Mrs  Irby,  we  have  no  record 
of  it.  It  is  not  to  be  found  simong  the 
marriage  notices  in  any  of  our  news- 
papers, nor  in  any  source  of  information 
at    present    at    our   disposal.     It   is   an 


unfortunate  fact  that  should  always  be 
borne  in  mind,  that  very  few  of  our 
old  families  have  saved  their  family 
Bibles — most  of  these  were  destroyed 
during  the  War  between  the  States. 
All  we  know  for  certain  is,  that  his 
wife's  name  was  Ann  Sarah. 

As  to  Abraham  Alexander's  wife 
being  denied  burial  in  the  Jewish 
cemetery,  it  seems  unreasonable  from 
what  we  know  of  the  customs  of  the 
early  Synagogue  in  Charleston.  When 
Abraham  Alexander  died,  the  Congre- 
gation incorporated  in  its  written  C3on- 
stitution  that  every  Kippur  night  a 
special  Escaba  [prayer  for  the  dead] 
should  be  offered  for  him,  which  they 
would  hardly  have  done  if  his  marriage 
had  given  such  offence  that  his  wife 
was  denied  Jewish  burial.  But  be  this 
as  it  may,  there  is  the  strange  fact 
confronting  us,  that  we  do  not  know 
what  became  of  Ann  Sarah.  In  her  v/ill, 
proved  on  December  15,  1835,  she  says: 
"My  desire  is  that  I  may  be  biiried  in 
the  Congregational  Burial  Ground  of 
Kail.  Kadish  Beth  Elohim,  of  this 
City."  But  she  is  apparently  not 
buried  alongside  of  her  husband,  nor  in 
any  other  part  of  the  Jewish  burial 
ground.  There  is  no  notice  of  her 
death,  nor  funeral  notice,  nor  obituary 
notice  in  any  of  the  various  flies  of 
newspapers  that  exist  here  of  the  time 
of  her  death.  The  "Death  Returns," 
which  are  here  right  along  from  the 
year  1821  to  the  present  time,  do  not 
contain  the  record  of  her  death.  Where 
and  when  did  Ann  Sarah  die?  And 
where  is  she  buried?  Did  she  die  while 
visiting  away  from  Charleston?  Does 
she  lie  in  some  unmarked  grave  in  a 
non-Jewish  cemetery?  I  do  not  know. 
Perhaps  Mr  Kohler  who  knows  so  much 
about  the  investigation  of  traditions 
will  enlighten  us.  For  myself— for  the 
present  at  least — I  give  it  up.  I  would, 
however,  reiterate  my  point,  that  whon 
dealing  with  traditions,  we  find  our- 
selves, as  a  rule  in  a  vast  wilderness, 
with  little  or  no  clue  to  help  us. 


Knrly    Jetvlsh    Ship    Ovruers. 

Charles  Town  was  quite  a  seaport  in 
Provincial  days  and  the  ship  arrivals 
with  the  vessels'  contents  make  good 
i-eading  even  to-day.  Dry  as  these  lists 
appear,  to  the  student  of  hl.^tory  and 
political  economy  they  tell  as  inter- 
esting a  tale  as  do  the  stones  and  the 
flowers  to  the  geologist  and  the  botan- 
ist. In  these  days  of  ocean  greyhounds, 
it  is  hard  to  throw  ourselves  back  in 
imagination  to  the  days  when  a  few 
vessels   of    "forty   tons   burthen,"    were 


quite  a  factor  in  the  commerce  of  a 
port. 

A  volume  recently  brought  to  light  in 
Columbia  gives  us  many  details  of  the 
vessels  that  traded  to  the  Port  of 
Charles  Town.  It  is  entitled:  "Ves- 
sells  Names,  Masters,  Where  Bound, 
Passenger  Ship  Register  begun  April 
1743."  The  volume  contains  a  series  of 
declarations  of  ownership  of  the  craft 
enumerated.  Among  these  are  several 
of  well-known  Jews.  They  ere  as  fol- 
lows, in  the  order  in  which  they  occur: 

Isaac  Depass,  of  Charles  Town,  de- 
clares himself  the  sole  owner  of  the 
Brigantine  The  Carolina,  of  Charles 
Town.  "He  is  at  present  owner  thereof 
and  no  foreigner  directly  or  indirectly 
hath  any  share  or  part  or  interest 
therein."     [August  16,   1744.] 

Solomon  Isaacs,  of  Charles  Town, 
merchant,  declares  himself  sole  owner 
of  the  sloop.  The  Heron,  of  Charlas 
Town,  a  square-stern'd  Vessel,  of 
twenty-five  tons  or  thereabouts.  [Jan. 
IS,  1747.] 

Joseph  Tobias,  of  Charles  Town,  mer- 
chant, declares  himself  the  owner,  of 
the  schooner  The  Judith,  of  Charles 
Town,  a  square  sterned  vessel  of  forty 
tons   or    thereabouts.      [March   6,    17.50.] 

Moses  Lindo  declares  himself  the 
owner  of  the  schooner  Lindo  Packett,  of 
Charles  Town.     [August  .;i,  1757.] 

THE  FIRST  MOISE  IN  SOUTH 
CAROLINA. 

The  tracing  of  the  beginnings  of  early 
families  is  always  interesting,  .and  es- 
pecially is  this  the  case  v.'hen  the  later 


generations  have  maintained  the  stan- 
dards of  their  sires.  The  Moise  family 
of  South  Carolina  is  particularly  nota- 
ble by  reason  of  the  number  of  dis- 
tinguished citizens  it  has  given  to  this 
State  and  to  this  country.  The  family 
came  to  Charleston  from  St  Domingo 
(Cape  Francois)  in  1794 — not  1791 — as 
stated  in  the  Jewish  Encyclopaedia, 
Art.     "Moise." 

The  following  advertisement  in  the 
South  Carolina  State  Gazette  &  Daily 
Advertiser,  for  April  28,  1795,  is  the  first 
notice  of  the  family  in  this  State: 

MR  &   MRS   MOISE 

UNFORTUNATE  sufferers  from  the 
Cape  present  their  compliments  to  the 
ladies  of  this  city,  and  take  the  liberty 
to  inform  them  that  they  have  for  sale, 
at  their  house  in  Queen-street,  thr^e 
doors  from  King-street,  and  opposite 
to  Mr  Nixon's  school,  a  few  pieces  of 
India,  japan,  tamboured,  and  plain 
muslins;  humhum  threads,  tapes,  white 
chappie  needles,  and  fine  Irish  linens, 
&c,  &c. 

Also,  just  opened  1  chest  of 

HYSON  TEA; 

Equal  to  any  in  this  city,  which  they 
will  sell 
7  shillings   per  pound. 
As  Mr  &  Mrs  Moise  mean  to  sell  with 
a  very  small  profit,   they  hope  for  the 
encouragement  of  the  generous  public, 
which    will   enable   them   to   support    a 
large  family. 
April  25. 


I  lleprlnted  from  the  Sunday  News,  March  10, 1907.— No.  5.1 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Book. 

By  Dr  Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


My  article  to-day  will  be  taken  vip 
with  Revolutionary  material.  I  shall 
possibly  irritate  some  of  my  readers, 
but  I  cannot  help  it.  I  am  not  writing, 
I  assure  them,  for  the  purpose  of  irri- 
tating— my  life  is  far  too  crowded  for 
me  to  indulge  in  any  such  amusement. 
But  I  want  to  give  my  readers  some- 
thing to  think  about;  and  whether  they 
agree  with  me  or  not,  I  want  them  to 
think.  If  I  succeed  in  setting  them 
a-thinking,  my  object  will  have  been 
attained. 

Now  before  making  myself  disagree- 
able, I  vvill  premise  that  I  have  made 
a  thorough  study  of  the  story  of  the 
Revolution  from  the  sources.  I  have 
read  the  newspapers  as  they  appeared 
day  by  day,  not  only  here  but  in  the 
Library  of  Congress,  whose  files  during 
the  period  of  British  occupation  are 
much  more  complete  than  ours.  Dur- 
ing my  study  of  the  period  I  breathed 
the  atmosphere  of  the  Revolution  to 
such  an  extent  that  I  often  wondered 
whether  I  was  living  in  the  20th  cen- 
tury or  in  the  18th.  I  think,  at  least, 
that  I  am  able  to  judge  the  events  of 
that  momentous  period  quite  impar- 
tially. 

And  here  I  will  say  at  once,  that  the 
influence  of  patriotic  Societies  so-called, 
has  been  anything  but  beneficial  to  the 
accurate  study  of  history.  Founded 
with  the  best  of  intentions,  these  Soci- 
eties have  largely  done  little  more  than 
to  furnish  occupation  to  numerous 
more  or  less  competent  genealogists, 
who  have  found  it  profitable  to  pander 


to  the  vanity  of  hosts  of  silly  men  and 
women  who  have  been  Infected  with 
the  craze  of  the  privilege  of  joining  So- 
cieties whose  stars  and  bars,  and 
badges  and  buttons,  distinguish  their 
members  as  superior  to  the  rank  and 
file  of  common  folk. 

Now  I  have  nothing  to  say  against 
the  existence  of  societies  whose  pur- 
pose is  to  foster  the  spirit  of  patriot- 
ism, than  which  there  is  nothing  nobler. 
But  when  these  Societies  degenerate 
into  mere  social  bodies,  whose  very 
Constitutions  make  it  clear  that  they 
are  based  upon  the  most  unintelligent 
interpretation  of  the  simplest  histori- 
cal facts;  and  when  their  members 
everywhere  assume  an  I-am-holier- 
than-thou  attitude  to  the  rest  of  the 
world,  I  think  it  a  reasonable  duty — 
even  if  a  thankless  task,  to  submit  that 
their  vaunted  merit   is   a  chimera. 

It  is  really  pathetic  to  think  of  the 
number  of  people  who  are  constantly 
writing  letters  imploring  one  to  chase 
their  Revolutionary  ancestors.  They 
will  give  almost  anything  in  reason  for 
the  coveted  scrap  of  paper  that  will 
enable  them  to  "join,"  and  wear  a 
badge  or  button.  Here  is  the  Secretary 
of  our  Historical  Commission  wasting 
his  valuable  time — our  valuable  time — 
time  that  he  could,  by  reason  of  his  ex- 
traordinary attainments,  use  to  far 
better  advantage  if  devoted  to  the  task 
of  exploiting  tlie  history  of  this  State 
—putting  into  envelopes  the  many  thou- 
sands of  little  account  papers  that  cor- 
respond to  the  "indent  stubs"  for  niili- 


tia  pay  or  other  services  during  the 
Revolution.  O,  the  rapture  of  it,  if  one 
is  only  fortunate  enough  to  find  ail  an- 
cestor's name  on  one  of  these  bits  of 
paper!  He  can  now  "join"  and  wear  a 
badge  or  a  button. 

But,  dear  reader,  what  do  these  bits 
of  paper  prove?  Of  themselves,  abso- 
lutely nothing  except  that  Mr  So-and- 
so  had  an  ancestor  who  lived  here  dur- 
ing the  Revolution  and  did  militia  duty. 
For  everybody  did  militia  duty  nho 
lived  here.  He  couldn't  help  doing  mil- 
itia duty.  He  may  have  been  a  most 
ardent  Loyalist  and  yet  have  done 
militia  service  for  which  an  "indent" 
v/as  in  due  course  issued  to  him. 
These  papers  of  themselves,  in  truth, 
are  the  poorest  evidence  of  so-called 
"patriotism."  Anyone  ^\ho  knows  any- 
thing at  all  of  the  Revolutionary  his- 
tory of  the  State,  is  aware  of  the  fact 
that  every  man  between  the  ages  of  IG 
and  60  wlio  lived  here,  was  compelled 
to  do  militia  duty:  "to  appear  com- 
pletely armed  once  in  every  fortnight 
for  muster,  train  and  exercise,  to  do 
patrol  duty,  and  to  be  drafted  for  a 
limited  time,  usually  30  or  60  days,  ac- 
cording to  the  season  of  the  year,  when 
deemed  necessary  by  the  Governor  or 
Commander-in-chief."  If  he  didn't  do 
his  duty,— well,  I  won't  tell  you  what 
they  did  with  him — read  any  of  the 
"Orderly  Books"  that  are  still  in  ex- 
istence and  you  will  see  how  they 
"fixed"  him.  The  regulations  were 
such  that  men  would  not  be  likely  to 
take  many  chances.  Suffice  it  t<>  say, 
then,  that  militia  duty  as  proven  by  the 
existence  of  an  indent,  is  of  itself,  no 
proof   of   patriotism    whatsoever. 

And  now  another  thing.  There  are  in 
existence  several  lists  containing  hun- 
dreds of  names  of  men  who  did  militia 
duty  and  many  of  whom  did  actual 
fighting,  and  who,  when  Charles  Town 
fell,  lost  little  time  in  coming  in  and 
declaring  that  they  were  now  and  had 
been  right  along  "sincerely  well  af- 
fected to  His  Majesty's  person  and 
Government."     The   original     onth<?     of 


allegiance  of  these  people  are  still  in 
existence  in  England.  One  of  these 
lists — the  well-known  "Petitions  to 
Clinton,"  printed  in  The  Royal  South- 
Carolina  Gazette,  of  September  21,  17S0, 
I  am  reproducing  to-day.  On  a  pre- 
vious occasion  I  printed  a  similar  list 
of  the  year  1781.  We  have  on  this  list, 
so  it  would  appear,  the  names  of  166 
men  who  did  militia  service  because 
they  had  to,  and  who,  when  it  looked 
as  if  things  were  going  the  other  way 
— as  though  the  Revolution  wag  going: 
to  be  a  failure  after  all  and  South  Car- 
olina remain  a  British  Province — 
showed  what  their  real  feelings  were 
and  took  protection.  The  wording  of 
the  document  would  seem,  at  least,  to 
lend  color  to  this  view. 

But  I  would  not  place  an  unqualified 
interpretation  upon  the  document. 
There  may  have  been  men  on  this  list 
who  swore  allegiance  because  if  they 
had  not  done  so,  they  would  have  been 
deprived  of  the  privilege  of  "exercising 
their  trades  or  professions,"  and  a  hun- 
gry family  may  have  impelled  them  to 
do  what  they  would  not  otherwise  have 
done.  I  say  "may"  have  done  this,  for 
there  is  no  possible  means  of  knowing 
the  reasons  that  actuated  these  peti- 
tioners to  Clinton.  As  the  case  stands, 
we  have  only  the  written  document  to 
speak  for  Itself.  I  maintain,  therefore, 
that  the  occurrence  of  a  name  on  this 
or  any  other  list,  or  even  the  existence 
of  an  original  oath  of  allegiance,  is  I'ot 
of  itself  any  proof  of  "loyalty."  How 
our  patriotic  Societies  make  the  dis- 
tinction, I  cannot  imagine.  We  who 
know  the  personnel  of  the  community 
cannot  do  it;  how  these  Societies  man- 
age to  do  it,  is  beyond  me. 

To  put  the  whole  thing  into  a  nut- 
shell: it  is  a  poor  business  any  way 
you  look  at  it.  This  "patriotic"  Society 
craze  is  about  as  rational  in  its  raison 
d'etre  as  an  organization  would  be  in 
the  year  1^60,  composed  only  of  those 
who  could  trace  their  descent  from 
those  who  did  "beat  duty"  prior  to  the 
War,  or  a  similar  organization  in  the 
year     2000,     strictly     limited     to     those 


whose  ancestors  paid  their  poll  tax  in 
1900.  It  seems  to  me  that  with  our 
modern  versatility  and  ingenuity  some 
better  means  could  be  devised  than  the 
privilege  of  a  badge  or  a  button,  as 
an  incentive  to  the  spirit  of  patriotism. 


Petitions    to    Clinton. 

Charles-Town,  September  19th,  17S0. 

WHEREAS  several  Memorials  and 
Petitions  have  been  presented  to  the 
Commandant  for  Charles-Town,  by 
sundry  persons,  severally  setting  forth, 
that  they  were  very  desirous  to  shew 
every  mark  of  allegiance  and  attach- 
ment in  their  power  to  his  Majesty's 
person  and  government,  to  which  they 
were  most  sincerely  well  affected,  and 
therefore  humbly  prayed  that  they 
might  have  an  opportunity  to  evince 
the  sincerity  of  their  professions. 
AND  WHEREAS  the  said  Memorials 
and  Petitions  were  referred  to  gentle- 
men of  known  loyalty  and  integrity,  as 
well  as  knowledge  of  the  persons  and 
characters  of  the  inhabitants,  in  order 
to  report  the  manner  in  which  the  Me- 
morialists had  heretofore  conducted 
themselves;  and  they  having  made  their 
report  in  favor  of  the  persons  under- 
mentioned. Notice  is  hereby  given, 
that  if  they  will  apply  at  the  State- 
House  on  Friday  the  twenty-second 
instant,  at  nine  o'Clock  in  the  forenoon, 
and  there,  before  one  of  the  Intendants 
of  the  Police,  subscribe  a  declaration  of 
their  allegiance,  they  will  receive  a  cer- 
tificate which  will  entitle  them  to  use 
the  free  exercise  of  their  trades  or  pro- 
fessions, and  the  privileges  enjoyed  by 
the  other  loyal  inhabitants  of  Charles- 
Town. 

AUxander,  Abraham Bommer,  Jacob. 


Aiidif-y,    Erasmus. 
Karrell,    John. 
Barus,    John. 
Hell.    William. 
Besley,  Abraham. 
Bland,    Willinm. 
Bonneau,   Elisha. 


Booner,    Christian. 
Briggs,    Adam. 
Brodie,    John. 
Buckie,    George. 
Calwell,    Henry. 
Cardos.   David. 
Chapman.    William. 


Charnock,  Thomas.     Mell,  Benjamin. 
Chateris,    George.        Mercy,  John  Baptist 
Clark,    William.  Mewhenny,  William. 

Clayton,    Abraham.     Middleton,  David. 
Cohen,    Philip.  Miller,  Jacob. 

Coker,    Thomas.  Mills,  Wm. 

Collins,  Alexander.  Milner,  George. 
Combe,   John.  Milner,  Solomon. 

Darby,   James.  Morgan,  William. 

Darrell,  Benjamin.  Moses,  Philip. 
Dart,    Benjamin,  Myers,  Joseph. 

Dart,    John.  McCreary,  Robert. 

Dewees,    William.        McCreary,  Thomas. 
Dickenson,   Jeremiah M'Hughe,  Anthony. 

Dill,   Joseph.  M'Lauglin,  James." 

Donaldson.    James.  McMillian,  Samuel. 

Dulles,    Joseph.  McMullen,  Alex. 

Eliazer,   Moses.  M'Queir,  John. 

Ernst,  Jacob.  Nixon,  John  B. 
Farasteau.  Anthonv  Nugent.  James. 
Fleming.    William.   "  Peacock,  William. 

Florin.    Lucas.  Poinsett,  Eiisha. 

Prazer,   James.  Potts,  James. 

Freer.    Charles.  Powell,   George. 

Freer,  Geor.ge.  Prius,   Lery. 

Fring,    Bruncker.  Quash.  Robert. 

Gil/nes,    Thomas.  Radcliffe,  Thomas. 

Gitsinger.  George.  Ralif,  Frederick. 

Godfrey.    John.  Ramley,  Martin. 

Gotier,  Francis.  Reid,   William. 

Graham     William.  Rivers,  Thomas. 

Gregg,    John.  Roberts,  John. 
Grpenage.  Abraham.  Roberts,  Stephen. 
Grinnings.    Christian.  Roberts,  Thomas. 
Gunn,    William.  Rogers,  John. 

Hampstead.  John.  Roper,  Thomas. 

Hampton.    John.  Roper,   William. 

Hampton.  Wade.  Roybould,  Thomas 

Hampton,    William.  Ruffe,  Daniel. 

Hanahan.  Edward.  Rugge,  James. 
Hanscome.  Thos.  sen  Sharp,  James. 
Hanscome.  Thos.  jun  Simon,  Lorenz. 

Harrison.   John.  Simons,  Saul. 

Harvey.    William.  Smith,  George. 

Hays,   John.  Smith,  Peter  .  (?) 

Hennaker,  John.  Smith,    Thomas   B. 

Hillegas,    Albertus.  Smith,  \V"m  Henry. 

Holmes,   Daniel.  Snetter,  Charles.' 

Holmes.  John.  sen.  Stairns,    John. 

Holmes.    .John,    Jun.  Stanyarne,   John  R. 

Holmes,   Peter.  Stanyarne.  William. 

Honour.    Thomas.  Stoll,  Jacob. 

Horry.    Ellas.  Stoll.   William. 

T-Towell.  John.  Sullivan,   Cornelius. 

Howl.    Henry.  Svvmt,  John. 

Huger.    Daniel.  Taaf.  Honor. 

Hnger.    Francis.  Taylor,   David. 

Huston,    James.  Testard,   Robert. 

Jennings,   Remond.  Thorne,  Philip. 

Johnston,  Jonathan.  Thorpe,  John. 

Johnston,    Wm.  Tier.    William. 

.Tones.    John.  Todd,  Richard. 

Kelpev,   William.  Trezevant.  Daniel. 

Kirsohmar.    John.  Turner,  Edward. 

Laurence.  Stephen.  Venning.   Nicholas. 

Lnzarus,  Marcus.  Viegra.  Joseph. 

7>citz.    Bernard.  Waight,  John. 

Deroux.  John.  Vv'aring,  .Tohn. 

Lloyd.  Joseph.  Weston,  Plowden. 

Loilpe.  John.  Williams,  Robert,  jr. 

Lowndes.  Charles.  W'illson.  John. 

Lvme,  Frederick.  Wish,  John. 

Manigault.  Gabriel,  Wolforston,  Francis. 

Mason.  William.  Young,  George  jun. 
Matthews,  Benjamin 

By  order  of  the  Commandant, 

G.   Benson,  Major  of  Brigade. 


Obituary    Notloen    of    Revolationary 
SoI(1ier8. 

(From   the  Courier.) 
Wm  Abney,  Jan  19,  1832. 
Jas  Adare,  sen,  July  20,  1835. 
Jennings  Allen,   Feb  3,   1835. 
John  Artis,  Feb  11,  1834. 
Joseph  Black,  Nov  18,  1843. 
John  Brockington,  Dec  24,  1841. 
John  Brown,  June  3,  1842. 
John  Burg-ess,  Oct  15,  1803. 
Isaac  Bush,  Feb  12,  1835. 
D.  N.  Cardozo,  July  16.  1835. 
William  Carson,  Jan  9,  1850. 
Paul  Castleberry,  June  29,  1841. 
Jonathan  Davis,  Aug  17,  1841. 
Wm  Day,  July  5,  1841. 
Joel  Dean,  sen,   March  15,  1842. 
Capt  Thomas   Edwards,  Aug  16,  1832. 
Wm  Hasell  Gibbes,  Feb  21,  1834. 
Isaac  Gregory,  Nov  24,  1844. 
Capt    William   Guest,    Aug   10,    1841. 
Aaron  Guyton,  July  20,  1841. 
Andrew  Hamilton,  Jan  28,  1835. 
Col  Samuel  Hammond.  Sept  15,  1842. 
Robert  Hand,  sen,  Aug  10,  1841. 
Hugh  Hanna,  Sept  6.  1842. 
Drury  Harrington,  Jan  3,  1840. 
Drury  Hearn,   Nov  2,  1840. 
John   Hume,   April   7,   1841. 
Robert   Kilpatrick,   July  15,   1840. 
Joseph  Koger,  sen,  Feb  16,  1835. 
Peter  Kolb,  Dec  24,  183.5. 
John  Lamar,  Oct  31,  1842. 
Bazile  Laneau,  Nov  19,  1833. 
Benjamin  Lindsey,  Oct  1,  1841. 
John  P.  Martin,  July  18,  1832. 
M;ij  Henry  Moore,  Aug  18,  1843. 
Maj  Samuel  Morrow,  Mar  18,  1842. 
Abraham  Motte,  Oct  23,  1833. 
Thomas  M'Dow,   Nov  16,  1835. 
John  M'Gehee,  Feb  4,  1834. 
Archibald  M'Mahon,   June  29,  1841. 
John   Randal,   sen,   July   17,   1840. 
Henry  Rea,   Sept  21,  1842. 
William   Richardson,   July  14,   1843. 
Samuel   Rivers,   Feb  2,   1835. 
Rev  John  Rooker,  July  15,  1840. 
Wm  Shiver,  Jan  24,  1832. 
William  Smith,  Feb  9,  1843. 
Col  Henry  D.   Stone,  Feb  2,  1841. 


Col  Thomas  Taylor,  Nov  22,  1833. 
Maj  John  Threewits,  July  16.  1842. 
George  Turner,  March  23,  1843. 
Rev  George  Vandicer,  July  30,  1833. 
William  Wilson,  Nov  26,  1833. 

South    Carolina    LroyaliHtH    and    tliose 
■*%-lio   Toolv    Protection. 

List  of  those  withdrawn  from  the 
State  to  join  the  enemies  thereof. — The 
Gazette  of  the  State  of  South-Carolina, 
Nov  24,  1779.  There  is  a  further  list  in 
The  Charlestown  Gazette,  Jan  11,   1780. 

List  of  Petitioners  to  Clinton— 166 
names. — The  Royal  South-Carolina  Ga- 
zette,  Sept  21,  1780. 

List  of  213  Petitioners  for  Protection. 
—The  Royal  Gazette,  July  11.  1781. 

List  of  those  whose  estates  were  con- 
fiscated by  the  Jacksonborough  As- 
sembly.—Ibid,   March   20,   1782. 


WIio  I>i(l  tlie  FiKlitini;  in  tlie  Revo- 
lation,  Ma.<4NaoliiiNett»i  or  Sotitli  Car- 
olina f 

This  question  is  apparently  a  very 
old  one.  For  two  very  vigorous  letters 
on  the  subject,  proving  what  are  now 
well-established  truths,  see  the  Colum- 
bian Herald,  May  19  and  20,  1796. 


The  Je-n-s  in  the  Revolntlon. 

MR   MILLER, 

He  who  hates  another  man  for  not  be- 
ing a  christian,  is  himself  not  a  chris- 
tian.— Christianity  breathes  love,  peace, 
and  good-will  to  man.  The  Jews  have 
had  a  considerable  share  in  our  late 
Revolution.  They  have  behaved  well 
throughout.  Let  our  government  in- 
vite the  Jews  to  our  State,  and  prom- 
ise them  a  settlement  in  it.  It  will  be  a 
wise  and  a  politic  stroke — and  give  a 
place  of  rest  at  last  to  the  tribe  of 
Israel. 

A  WELLWISHER  TO  THE  STATE. 

The  above  item  is  taken  from  the 
South  Carolina  Gazette  and  General 
Advertiser,  August  30,  1783. 


Ueprintetl  from  the  Sunday  News,  March  IT,  I'.tOT.— No.  C. 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Book. 


By  Dr  Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


The  Synag^ogrne  of  the  Je^vs  in  Hasell 
Street. 

(From  Shecut's  Essays,  1819.) 

This  portion  of  citizens,  associated 
themselves  as  a  religious  society  in 
Charleston,  sometime  in  the  year  1750, 
under  the  auspices  of  Mr  Cohen.  They 
read  their  prayers  in  a  house  in  Union 
street,  near  Queen  street,  until  the 
year  1757,  when  they  removed  it,  or 
rather  assembled  for  religious  worship, 
in  the  house,  now  No  318  King  street, 
then  the  property  of  Alexander  Gillon, 
Esq,  and  which  then  stood  back  in  the 
yard.  It  is  the  same  house  that  is  now 
occupied  by  Mr  Senet,  as  a  Kahoo,  or 
Confectionary  and  ice  cream  house. 

In  1764,  they  held  their  Synagogue  at 
a  house  in  Beresford  street,  near  King 
street.  In  1780,  they  assembled  in  Ha- 
sell  street,  at  the  old  Synagogue,  late- 
ly occupied  by  Mr  Little,  as  a  cotton 
gin  manufactory;  and  in  the  year  1795, 
their  pi-esent  elegant  Church  was  built 
on  the  adjoining  lot,  which  they  pur- 
chased for  that  purpose,  from  the  heirs 
of  Nicholas  Trott,  former  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Province. 

There  can  be  no  argument  that  goes 
more  fully  to  illustrate  the  correct 
principles  of  our  government,  than  that 
of  a  reference  to  the  Jews  who  have 
settled  among  us.  All  other  classes  of 
citizens,  however  their  peculiar  tenets 
might  have  differed;  yet  all  professing 
the  Christian  religion,  were  as  one 
family.  Their  interests,  whether  moral, 
civil  or  religious,  were  one  and  the 
same.  The  Jews  were  the  only  settlers, 
among  those  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
old    world,    whose     religious     principles 


differed  from  those  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  new. 

To  show  the  salutary  effects  of  tol- 
erance in  points  of  religious  faith,  I 
will  insert  the  following  appropriate 
observations,  for  which  I  am  indebted 
to  a  learned  member  of  their  Society: 

"The  Jews  in  this  city,  at  the  time  of 
the  revolutionary  war,  were  but  few  in 
number.  These  had  emigrated  chiefly 
from  Germany  and  Great  Britain.  The 
inviting  temptation  of  an  unrestricted 
freedom  of  conscience,  in  concerns  of 
religion,  which  has  attracted  since  that 
event,  a  great  many  to  our  shores,  had 
not  yet  blessed  this  country.  At  the 
earliest  date  of  their  settlement  here, 
however,  as  soon  as  ten  men  could  as- 
semble, (and  which  the  Hebrew  law  re- 
quires, for  public  worship,)  they  pro- 
vided themselves  with  a  place,  as  suit- 
able as  their  then  slender  means  could 
command.  A  Vestry  was  afterwards 
organized,  and  a  Minister  called  from 
Europe,  to  exercise  the  sacred  func- 
tions of  his  office. 

"Such  was  the  origin  of  the  Hebrew 
Congregation  in  Charleston,  at  present 
the  most  numerous  and  flourishing  of 
any  in  the  United  States.  According 
to  information  derived  from  the  best 
authority,  the  number  of  Jews  resident 
in  the  City,  is  between  640  to  660.  The 
munificent  spirit  and  pious  zeal  of  some 
of  their  members,  whom  unsparing 
death  hath  removed  to  the  silent  tomb, 
assisted  by  the  donations  of  their  sur- 
vivors, have  contributed  to  the  erection 
of  that  handsome  and  substantial 
Temple,  in  which  is  worshipped  the  Al- 
mighty Father  of  All. 

"When  the  war  of  the  revolution 
commenced,  all  of  this  nation  who  were 
ill  South  Carolina,  able  to  bear  arms, 
zealously  joined  their  country's  mar- 
tial ranks;  for  the  great  but  dubious 
contest.  The  prize  to  be  acquired  in 
the  event  of  a  successful  issue,  religious 
and  political  freedom.  was  great 
enough    to   induce   the  free   offering   of 


ever>'  patriotic  exertion — and  even  of 
fortune  and  life  in  the  undertaking. 
They,  with  the  rest  of  their  fellow- 
citizens,  shared  in  the  privations  and 
hardships  of  war,  also  with  them  share 
the  rich  blessings  of  peace  and  free- 
dom, the  reward  of  their  former  suffer- 
ing«. 

"Hence  the  grateful  devotedness  of 
the  Children  of  Israel,  has  obtained  its 
merited  recompence.  In  this  thrice  fa- 
vored land,  they  enjoy  at  last,  in  com- 
mon with  all  men,  that  liberty  of  con- 
sciem;e,  without  which,  man  is  but  a 
privileged  slave. 

"With  an  elevation  of  mind  in  har- 
mony with  the  dignity  and  sacred 
ness  of  pure  piety,  the  Jew  adores  the 
Supreme  Being,  according  to  a  foi  m  of 
faith  which  his  heart  approves  and 
sanctions.  It  is  his  belief,  it  was  that 
of  his  progenitors  for  ages  on  ages 
past.  What  are  the  consequences  of 
this  freedom  of  worship?  The  peaceful 
acquisition  and  dissemination  of  knowl- 
edge, and  the  universal  practice  of 
those  social  duties  that  render  us  es- 
sentially useful  to  society, 

"The  benevolent  offices  of  humanity, 
Hot  confined  merely  to  this  or  that 
sect,  enlarging  its  theatre  of  action,  be- 
comes at  once  sufficiently  capacious  to 
encompass  the  whole  human  race.  As 
respects  the  Jews  in  particular,  the 
verity  of  this  axiom  has  been  clearly  ex- 
empllfled.  Their  emancipation,  with 
every  other  sect,  by  the  constitutional 
charter,  from  religious  thraldom  imder 
British  rule  in  America,  has  been  but 
recently  effected;  and  behold  the  re- 
spectable footing  on  which  this  nation 
stands;  they  have  already  taken  their 
stations,  which  they  occupy  with  be- 
coming dignity,  as  physicians,  lawyers 
and  merchants. 

"Our  State  Legislature  has  included 
them  among  its  members.  We  have 
respectable  specimens  of  their  literary 
talents;  they  serve  well  in  the  army 
and  navy,  and  what  severer  pledge  can 
government  possess  for  the  fidelity  of 
any  portion  of  its  citizens,  than  the 
claim  it  has  on  their  gratitude,  for  the 
protection  afforded  to  their  dearest 
lights  and  interests  on  earth? 

"We  are  naturally  prone  to  suspect 
the  attachment  and  sincerity  of  those 
whose  privileges  we  have  retrenched — 
whom  the  laws  have  in  any  manner 
proscribed.  The  slave  can  never  be 
trusted  with  safety;  but  the  free  man. 
free  without  restraint,  in  him  may  his 
country  confide  in  her  heaviest  calam- 
ities. To  sacrifice  that  country,  would 
be  to  forge  those  chains,  which  are  to 
t»ow  him  to  the  very  earth." 


The  Torhay  I'rinonerH  In  17.S1. 

The  following  most  interesting  list 
of  militia  prisoners  on  board  the  Pris- 
on Ship  Torbay,  is  on  file  in  Washing- 
ton. It  is  a  British  list  and  is  much 
fuller  than  the  list  of  these  prisoners  as 
preserved  in  Garden,  Ramsay,  Drayton, 
Gibbes.  or  McCrady — all  of  whom  have 
printed  it.  I  have  not  seen  the  orig- 
inal, but  it  is  copied  by  Boogher  in  his 
"Gleanings  of  Virginia  History,"  pp 
226-227  (Washington,  D.  C,  1903.)  Sever- 
al of  the  names  are  misspelled  owing 
to  that  author's  unfamiliarity  with  our 
local  history.  For  a  curious  error  in 
connection  with  this  list,  see  my  "Jews 
of  South  Carolina,"  pp  93-94. 

TORBAY    PRISON    SHIP,    CHARLES 
TOWN   HARBOUR, 

18th  May,  1781. 

Roll  of  the  Militia  Prisoners  on  board 
said  ship:  William  Axon,  Jr,  Samuel 
Ash,  George  Authur,  John  Anthony, 
Ralph  Atmore,  Maj  John  Barnwell. 
Maj  John  Baddely,  Capt  Edward  Barn- 
well, Capt  Peter  Bounetheau,  Henry 
Bembridge,  Lieut  John  Black,  William 
Branford,  Joseph  Ball,  Robert  Bran- 
well,  Joseph  Bee,  Nath  Blindell.  James 
Bricker.  Francis  Bailey,  William  Bas- 
quin,  Johnathan  Clarke,  Thos  Cocke- 
ran,  Thos  Cooke,  John  Calhoone  (pro- 
tection). Capt  Jos  Cray,  Aug  !•".  '80, 
Norwood  Conyers,  James  Cox,  Richard 
Cummings,  Jacob  Cohen,  Robert  De- 
war,  Wm  Dessausure.  Joseph  Dunlap. 
Richard  Edmonds,  Thomas  Eveleigh, 
John  Edwards,  Jr,  John  Warren  Ed- 
wards, Thomas  Elliott,  Sr,  Joseph  El- 
liott, Jr,  John  Evans.  John  Eberly, 
John  Egan  (protection),  Wm  Elliott. 
Benjamin  Guerard,  John  Gibbons.  Thos 
Grayson.  Peter  Guerard.  Willinm 
Graves.  Christian  Geir,  Philip  Gads- 
den. John  Graves,  Joseph  Glover.  Fran- 
cis Geott,  Mitchell  George.  Lieut  Wm 
Harvey,  Jacob  Henry.  David  Hamil- 
ton, John  B.  Holmes,  Wm  Holmes.  Thos 
Hughes,  James  Heward,  Thos  Harris, 
Wm  Hornby,  George  Jones.  Daniel 
Jacobs.  Charles  Kent,  Henry  Keunon, 
John  Kain.  Capt  Sam  Lockhart  (Aug 
16,  '80).  Nathaniel  Libby,  Thos  Listen. 
Lieut  Stephens  Lee,  Thos  Legare.  John 
Leperne.  Henry  Leybert.  Philip  Meyers. 
John  Michael,  John  Minott.  Sr.  John 
Moncrief,  Ch'is  Magdalen.  John  Miiiott. 
Jr,  Samuel  Miller,  Col  Stephen  Moore 
(Aug  IG.  'SO),  William  Murphy.  George 
Alonks.  John  Morgan,  Dr  George  Moss. 
Alfred  Merriett,  Lieut  Samuel  Miller, 
John  Neville,  Jr,  Wm  Neville.  John 
Owen,  Samuel  Prioleau,  Sr,  Philip  Prio- 
leau.  Chas  Pinckney,  Jr,  James  Poya.'?. 
Job  Palmer.  Jos  Robinson.  Thos  Revin. 


Daniel  Rhodes,  Joseph  Righton,  Jon 
Scott,  Sr,  Wm  Snelling,  John  Stephen- 
son, Jr,  Daniel  Stephenson,  Paul  Sny- 
der, Samuel  Smith,  Abraham  Seavers, 
Rippely  Singleton,  Samuel  Scotton, 
William  Sayle  (protection,  61  yrs  of  age, 
does  not  want  to  be  exchanged),  Ste- 
phen Shrewsbury,  James  Sonsiger,  John 
Tandus,  Paul  Tayloe,  Lieut  Sim  White, 
William  W^igg,  Jas  Williams,  Chas 
Warham  (ct  dst),  Thos  Waring,  Sr. 
Richard  Waring,  Isaac  White,  George 
Welch.  Benj  Wheeler.  John  Waters.  Jr. 
Wm  Wilcocks.  David  Warham,  Wm 
Wilkie,    Thos    You,    Richard    Teadon. 


Charleston   In   1774. 

A  traveller's  impressions  are  not  al- 
ways to  be  relied  on.  The  following 
illustration  of  this  truth  occurs  in  a 
letter  written  home  to  England  by  a 
visitor  to  Charleston  in  1774.  and  is 
taken  from  the  Historical  Magazine, 
vol  9,  p  341.  Referring  to  the  very 
strong  signs  of  firmness  and  unanim- 
ity among  the  Americans  to  defend 
what  they  think  their  rights  and  lib- 
erties as  long  as  they  can.  he  writes: 

"All  these  appearances  of  zeal  for 
Liberty,  most  People  that  are  born  in 
Carolina  can't  help  discovering  in  com- 
mon conversation  a  great  Partiality 
towards  England,  calling  it  their  home 
though  they  had  never  been  there  and 
seem  to  wish  much  to  have  it  in  their 
Power  to  be  able  to  go  and  live  com- 
fortably in  it:  which  to  me  appears  ;)1- 
together  irreconcilable  with  their  Pro- 
fessions of  determining  to  defend  what 
they  call  the  Rights  and  Liberties  of 
America  to  the  last  Extremity  against 
old  England,  for  I  think  People  in  gen- 
eral can't  easily  prevail  upon  them- 
selves to  injure  or  fight  against  what 
they  really  have  a  regard  for." 


iMiiao  Hayne. 

The  following  item  concerning  Isaac 
Hayne.  is  to  be  found  in  The  Royal 
Gazette.  August  8,  1781: 

Charlestown.   August   S. 

Mr  Isaac  Hayne,  who  since  the  capit- 
ulation of  Charlestown.  had  taken  pro- 
tection, and  acknowledged  himself  a 
subject  of  his  Majesty's  Government, 
having  notwithstanding  been  taken  in 
arms,  and  at  the  head  of  a  Reb<^l  Regi- 
ment of  Militia,  was  therefore,  on  .Sat- 
urday morning  last,  executed  a.<»  a 
Traitor. 

For  further  references,  see  ibid,  April 
10  and  17.  1782. 


The  Repentant  Sinner. 

Jews  have  an  innate  aversion — and 
quite  natural  it  Is, — to  those  who,  hav- 
ftig  been  born  within  the  pale  of  their 
faith,  have  sold  their  birthright  for  a 
mess  of  social  pottage.  That  there 
have  been  many  defections  from  Juda- 
ism in  South  Carolina  in  the  course  of 
the  last  two  centuries  is  not  surprising. 
What  would  be  surprising,  'ndeed, 
would  be  a  detailed  showing  of  the 
enormous  strain  of  Jewish  blood  that 
permeates  the  people  of  this  State.  I 
leave  out  of  account  the  old-time  wit- 
ticism of  the  spelling  "Jew-genot" 
which  reveals  probably  more  than  a 
grain  of  truth.  But  this  is  not  my  pur- 
pose to-day.  I  want  to  tell  a  little 
story  from  my  recently  recovered  re- 
cords, that  I  shall  call  "The  Repentant 
Sinner." 

Some  ten  years  ago,  there  was  still 
liring  in  Charleston  an  old  lady,  over 
ninety  years  of  age,  whose  latter  years 
were  clouded  with  much  physical  suf- 
fering. Many  was  the  time  when  she 
would  declare  to  her  visitors  that  she 
was  only  suffering  punishment  for  a 
grave  sin  which  she  had  committed  in 
her  youth.  What  that  grave  sin  was, 
I  could  never  find  out  until  I  made 
a  detailed  study  of  my  records.  The 
story  is  quite  romantic.  Without  em- 
bellishment it  runs  as  follows: 

When  a  young  woman,  she  had  fal- 
len in  love  with  a  young  man  not  of  her 
own  faith.  That  matters  might  run 
smoothly,  she  had  embraced  his  faith; 
but  in  spite  of  this  fact,  the  course  of 
true  love  did  not  run  smoothly  any- 
how. The  young  man  "went  back  o.n 
her."  Then  it  was  that  she  awoke  to 
her  folly  and  determined  to  return  to 
the  faith  of  her  fathers.  Here.  then,  is 
her  letter  to  the  Elders  of  the  Syna- 
gogue: 

To   The   Board   of  Trustees   of  K.   K. 

B.  E. 
Gentlemen:  — 

Relying  on  your  generous  sympathy 
with  one,  who  though  she  committed 
a  great  error,  appears  now  before  you 
a  penitent,  I  take  the  liberty  to  re- 
quest your  aid  in  reinstating  me  in  the 
religion  of  my  forefathers.  You  are 
aware.   Gentlemen,     that    some    twelve 


years  ago,  I  abandoned  the  religion  of 
my  forefathers  and  became  a  Christian. 
I  was  then  young  and  inexperienced, 
living  entirely  among  a  Christian  Com- 
munity, all  of  which  overcame  my  un- 
derstanding and  I  took  the  step,  of 
which  I  have  for  the  last  six  years 
deeply  repented.  I  am  convinced  of  the 
truth  of  our  holy  religion,  and  It  is  my 
utmost  desire  again  to  worship  v>ilh 
you  at  the  same  altar,  at  which  your 
and  my  ancestors  worshipped,  and  am 
willing  to  undergo  any  penalty  you 
may  feel  inclined  to  inflict.  As  the  rep- 
resentatives of  a  Congregation  who  are 
Israelites,  and  who  believe  in  that 
sacred  Law  of  Moses,  which  commands 
kindness  and  charity  to  all  mankind, — 
in  the  name  of  that  God  who  revealed 
himself  to  his  chosen  people,  I  conjure 
you  not  dismiss  a  penitent,  but  to  re- 
ceive her  as  one  who  went  astray  and 
is  jinxious  to  return  to  her  flock. 

With  my  best  reliance  on  your  gen- 
erous sympathy, 

I  remain,  yours, 

(Signed)  . 

The  rest  of  the  story  is  soon  told. 
She  was  ordered  to  apear  before  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  when  she  again  sol- 
emnly declared  her  firm  determmation 
to  return  to  her  faith,  adding  that  "she 
felt  perfectly  satisfied  that  no  person 
born  in  the  Jewish  faith  can  reconene 
himself  to  any  other."  On  the  follow- 
ing Sabbath  she  appeared  in  the  Syna- 
gogue, when  the  proceedings  that  had 
transpired  were  publicly  proclaimed  by 
the  Secretary;  and  having  again  de- 
clared her  penitence,  she  was  restored 
to  her  former  rights  and  privileges. 

Tlie  little  story  here  told  is  not  with- 
out parallel,  though  such  returns  to 
the  fold  are  for  obvious  reasons  not 
very  frequent.  The  picture,  liowever, 
is  a  significant  one  of  the  days  when 
Religion  meant  much  moi'e  than  it  alas 
does  to-day,  to  so  many  of  its  nominal 
adherents. 


Oltituary     KoticPH     of     Revolntioiiary 
Soldiers. 

(F^'om  the  Courier.) 

John  Barwin,  sen,  Aug  17,  1837. 
Richard  Britt,  Mar  30,  1831. 
Richard  Dawson,  sen,  Aug  27,  1S3G. 
Matthew  Dixon,  sen,  July  30,  1830. 
Henry  Ederington,  sen,  Nov  2,  1>>36. 
Daniel  Ford,  May  12,  1837. 
Timothy  Ford,   Dec  20,   1830. 
Pressly  Gardner,  Aug  16,  1837. 
Wm  Goodlett,  sen,  July  1,  1836. 
Maj  James  Hamilton.  Nov  9,  1831. 
John  Harth,  April  25,  1836. 
John  Howard,  Mar  2,  1831. 
Horatio  Jones.  Sept  9,  1836. 
James  Lett,  Dec  13,  1838. 
Capt  Hugh  Milling,  July  8,  1837. 
Isham   Milton,   April  19.  1831. 
Thomas  M'Cance,  April  21,  1830. 
Capt  John   M'Connell,   Nov  15,  1830. 
Hugh  M'Manus,  June  20,  1831. 
Thomas  Ponder,  Mar  30,  1837. 
Richard  Smallwood,  May  24,  1830. 
Capt  Reuben  Starke,  June  16,  1837. 
Edward   Vandiver,   sen,   Aug  10,   1837. 
Capt  James  Wallace,  Nov  22,  1838. 
John   Wilfong,   sen,   July   3,   1838. 
Asa  Wright,  Oct  22,  1836. 

WedgiToed   China. 

It  Is  not  generally  known  that  the 
much  sought  and  highly-prized  Wedg- 
wood china,  was  made  from  kaolin 
clay  exported  to  England  from  South 
Carolina.  Prof  Yates  Snowden,  of  the 
University  of  South  Carolina,  ha:3  re- 
cently been  making  investigations  into 
the  subject.  In  the  Raleigh  Register 
and  North-Carolina  State  Gazette  for 
October  22,  1807,  Mr  Wedgwot)d  an- 
nounces that  he  intends  to  establish  a 
factory  in  the  United  States,  and  ashs 
for  information  about  clays,  etc. 


Ileprinted  from  the  Sunday  News,  March  24, 1907.— No. 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Book. 

By  Dr  Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


Patriotic  Societies    Once  More. 

In  my  "Scrap  Book"  of  March  17, 
1907,  I  devoted  a  considerable  portion 
of  my  space  to  a  consideration  of  tiie 
subject  of  "Patriotic"  Societies.  In 
that  portion  of  my  article  I  stated  that 
I  wanted  to  give  my  readers  something 
to  thinlc  about.  What  I  there  said, 
had  been  the  object  of  my  own  consid- 
eration for  several  years;  and  I  had 
hoped  that  with  my  own  reputation  to 
vouch,  at  least,  for  the  sincerity  of 
my  purpose,  that  v/hat  I  said  would 
have  been  carefully  considered.  My 
article  was  not  intended  either  to  Irri- 
tate or  to  bring  into  the  field  some 
doughty  champion  for  the  purpose  of 
controversy.  But  it  seems  that  one 
can  never  tell. 

Major  Wilson  G.  Harvey  has  risen  to 
make  a  few  remarks.  Where  exactly 
to  place  Major  Wilson  G.  Harvey  in 
matters  of  purely  historical  interest,  I 
hardly  know;  nor  do  I  feel  called  upon 
to  decide;  and  why  Mr  Harvey  who 
"has  no  time  for  newspaper  discus- 
sion," should  rush  into  print  and  tell 
all  that  he  knows,  or  thinks  he  knows, 
or  doesn't  know,  I  cannot  comprehend. 
There  is  no  telling  why  some  people 
rush  into  print  and  into  places  where 
angels  who  are  wise  have  a  prudent 
fear  to  tread.  Perhaps,  however,  a  lit- 
tle incident  that  came  accidentally  to 
my  attention  during  the  past  week, 
may  throw  some  light  upon  his  atti- 
tude. 

Coming  down  to  breakfast,  namely, 
one  morning  this  week,  my  attention 
was  attracted  by  a  little,  lisping,  goid- 


en-haired  chap  who  was  rushing  fran- 
tically across  the  lobby  of  the  hotel. 
In  his  hand  was  a  razzle-dazzle  that 
made  an  ear-splitting  noise;  and  as  he 
rushed  across  the  floor,  he  shouted 
"Thee  me!  Thee  me!"  Mr  Harvey,  too, 
seems  to  have  a  razzle-dazzle,  and 
wants  tO'  be  seen  and  heard.  Well,  he 
has  been  seen  and  he  has  been  heard. 

Now,  dear  Reader,  but  for  one  rash 
remark  in  Mr  Harvey's  article,  in 
which  he  undertakes  to  express  himself 
concerning  the  accuracy  of  my  re- 
searches into  the  past,  I  would  have  let 
him  have  the  field  to  himself,  and  left 
him  under  the  sweet  impression  that  he 
had  made  a  "ten  strike;"  instead  of 
showing,  as  I  shall  do  now,  that  he  has 
only  succeeded  in  "fanning  the  zephyr" 
— for  I  have  a  most  positive  aversion 
to  argument  with  opponents  who  think 
that  they  can,  in  ten  minutes,  with  a 
simple  wave  of  their  authoritative 
hands,  dispose  of  matters  that  have 
taken  me  months  of  patient  work  to 
think  out  and  to  put  into  shape.  As, 
however,  my  declared  intention  is  to 
provoke  thought  and  thus  to  instruct, 
I  will,  for  the  benefit  of  my  readei-s  in 
general  and  for  Mr  Harvey  in  particu- 
lar, take  some  little  pains  to  show  Mr 
Harvey  that  my  carefully-prepared 
work  is  neither  "misleading,"  nor 
"faulty,"  nor  full  of  "horrible  inac- 
curacy;" and  that  when  "the  delver 
into  History  in  1960,  or  maybe  in  the 
year  2000"  shall  hunt  up  the  files  of 
The  Sunday  News,  he  will  not  carry 
away  from  my  faulty  article  the  grie- 
vously erroneous  impression  that  Mr 
Harvey  pictures. 

Now  before  proceeding  with  my  task, 
I  will  again  premise  that  teachers  of 
experience  do  not  simply  fill  their  pu- 
pils with  pre-digcsted  food.  This  is 
good  enough  for  babies  and  for  the  sick 
who  have  weak  stomachs.  The  good 
teacher— the  teacher  who  really  edu- 
cates—that is  to  say,  brings  out  what 
I  is  in  his  pupils— teaches  rather  by  sug- 


gestion;  else  the  best  education  would 
be  merely  synonymous  with  the  incor- 
poration into  the  unfortunate  student 
of  the  largest  number  of  prepared 
facts.  There  would  be  no  scope  for  in- 
dividualism and  all  scholars  would  be 
forced  into  the  same  mould.  I  have 
tried  to  follow  the  example  of  experi- 
enced teachers.  In  giving  my  lesson,  I 
aimed  rather  at  being  suggestive  than 
exhaustive;  for  the  space  at  my  dis- 
posal (while  The  Sunday  News  is  very 
tolerant)  is  limited,  and  I  was  not 
writing  a  treatise.  I  see,  however,  that 
some  of  my  pupils  are  not  far  enough 
advanced  for  my  method.  I  shall  to- 
day, therefore,  be  more  explicit.  If  I 
should  happen  to  draw  a  word-picture 
of  a  house,  I  will  write  underneath 
"This  Is  A  House" — lest  mayhap  it  be 
mistaken  for  a  camel  or  an  elephant; 
and  if  I  should  happen  to  make  a  point, 
I  will  likewise  add:  "This  Is  A  Point." 
Let  us,  then,  back  to  the  record,  to 
which  I  shall  strictly  adhere.  To  bring 
my  statements  into  better  relief.  I  shall 
put  them  into  a  series  of  clear-cut 
propositions. 

"The  influence  of  patriotic  Societies, 
so-called,  has  been  anything  but  bene- 
ficial to  the  accurate  study  of  history. 
.  .  .  The  Constitutions  of  these  So- 
cieties make  it  clear  that  they  are 
based  upon  the  most  unintelligent  in- 
terpretation of  the  simplest  historical 
facts." 

I  reiterate  the  statement— "the  head 
and  front  of  my  offending,"  that  seems 
to  have  irritated  Mr  Harvey's  patriot- 
ic soul,— for  it  impelled  him  forthwith 
to  spring  his  razzle-dazzle,  and  with 
the  calm  declaration  that  there  is  not 
a  line  in  my  article  to  substantiate  my 
statements,  he  proceeds  to  annihilate 
me  by  submitting  for  my  information 
the  Constitutions,  etc,  of  the  Sons  and 
Daughters,  both  of  which,  by  the  way, 
have  been  lying  on  my  table  for  several 
years. 

That  one  who  by  reason  of  his  ex- 
alted position  in  the  ranks  of  patriot- 
ic Societies  and  who  might  at  least  be 
supposed  to  possess  an  elementary 
knowledge  of  the  history  of  the  Revo- 
lution, should  be  unable  to  see  the 
bearing  of  the  clear-cut  facts  that  I 
have  presented,  is  unfortunate.  I  would 
like  to  be  able  to  furnish  my  critic 
with  the  comprehensio)!  lequisite  for 
the  grasping  of  my  ideas,  but,  alas, 
this  power  has  not  been  given  to  me. 
Twenty-five  years  of  incessant  teach- 
ing, however,  have  endowed  me  with 
the  gift  of  patience  even  with  the  dull- 
est pupils;  and  so,  having  failed  the 
first  time.  T  will  now  try  again.  Per- 
haps   T    shall    be    more   successful    this 


time.     Let   us,   therefore,   now   back  to 
the  Constitution. 

"Any  male  person  above  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years  .  .  .  descendant  of 
one  who  ...  as  a  soldier  .  .  .  under 
the  authority  of  any  of  the  Thirteen 
Colonies  or  States  .  .  .  and  remaining 
always  loyal  to  such  authority  .  .  . 
shall  be  eligible  to  membership  in  the 
Society." 

My  objections  to  this  "Fundamental 
Constitution,"  are  both  general  and 
special. 

The  Society  is  instituted  "to  perpet- 
uate the  memory  of  the  men  who 
achieved  the  independence  of  this  coun- 
try." Good  enough.  There  are  a  lim- 
ited few  who  can  point  to  certain  stan- 
dard works  and  to  documents  of  mis- 
cellaneous character  that  have  come 
down  to  us,  which  prove  the  sentiments 
of  the  aforesaid  individuals.  For  the 
rank  and  file  of  possible  applicants  for 
the  privileges  of  the  Society,  and  these 
must  number  millions,  "the  men  who 
achieved  the  independence  of  this  coun- 
try," is  interpreted  as  meaning  simply 
"soldiers  who  saw  service  in  the  Rev- 
olution." These  are  dubbed  "patriots." 
But  there  is  the  reservation  made — 
"and  remaining  always  loyal."  Those 
who  did  not  remain  always  loyal,  are 
thus  branded  as  not  "patriots."  I  sub- 
mit that  this  Is  a  most  unintelligent 
interpretation  of  history,  a  miserably 
narrow  interpretation  of  "patriotism." 
and  is  deserving  of  most  vigorous  pro- 
test. 

Let  me  call  attention  to  a  few  per- 
tinent facts. 

(a)  MILITIA  SERVICE.  This  is 
proven  either  by  a  muster-roll  or  an 
indent,  or  a  pension  paper,  or  an  obit- 
uary notice.  Of  themselves,  what  do 
these  things  prove?  Absolutely  noth- 
ing. For  the  benefit  of  my  readers  I 
took  all  the  trouble  to  print  the  mili- 
tia regulations  of  Revolutionary  days. 
I  have  never  been  able  to  understand 
why  people  should  congratulate  them- 
selves because  they  had  an  ancestor 
who  saw  service  in  the  militia.  At  a 
time  when  every  man  had  either  to 
enroll,  or  to  be  severely  punished,  or 
to  get  out,  what  special  virtue  was 
there  in  the  act.  that  entitles  them  to 
more  consideration  than  the  rrum  who 
pays  his  poll-tax  to-day?  Many  of 
these  militia  men,  wo  can  be  reasona- 
bly certain  from  what  we  know  of  the 
history,  may  have  been  thoroue^hly  loy- 
al in  sentiment  to  the  Mother  Country, 
yet  had  to  do  militia  duty  and  fight. 
These  nion  had  indents  issued  to  them 
in  due  course,  which  papers  afe  now 
in  these  days  of  patriotic  Societies  pro- 
duced as  evidence  of  feelings  which  at 


the  time  they  would  have  strenuous- 
ly repudiated.  Such  acceptance  of  an 
indent  by  these  patriotic  Societies, 
does  not  show  an  intelligent  under- 
standing of  History.     (This  is  a  point.) 

(b)  PROTECTION.  History  informs 
us,  that  for  various  reasons,  some  of 
which  I  gave  in  my  former  article, 
many  hundreds  of  men — some  of  them 
patriots  to  the  core,  swore  allegiance 
or  as  we  call  it,  "took  protection." 
These  men  are  stigmatised  and  their 
descendants  are  stigmatised  by  these 
patriotic  Societies  so-called,  through 
their  unintelligent  interpretation  of 
History.  Whither  their  stupidity  leads, 
I  shall   soon  show. 

(c)  MERCENARIES.  I  will  use  this 
word,  for  it  is  a  good  one.  There  were 
thousands  of  what  are  to-day  glori^ed 
into  "patriots,"  who  enlisted  as  a  fine 
stroke  of  business.  The  less  we  say 
about  them  the  better.  Let  the  student 
read  Simms's  magnificent  article 
"South  Carolina  in  the  Revolution,"  in 
The  Southern  Quarterly  Review  for 
July,  1848,  and  if  I  mistake  not,  his 
enthusiasm  will  receive  a  decided 
chill. 

(d)  CONTINENTAL.  SERVICE.  In 
the  Continental  army  there  were  many 
patriots  brave  and  true.  But  there 
were  other  "patriots"  of  whom  History 
tells.  We  are  informed,  for  example, 
that  when  the  big  inducements  offered 
did  not  fill  the  Continental  Regiments, 
"the  State  recruited  her  battalions  by 
forcing  into  their  ranks,  by  way  of  pun- 
ishment, all  men  convicted  of  being 
idle,  lewd  and  disorderly,  or  sturdy- 
beggars."  (See  Statutes  of  South  Car- 
olina, vol  4.  p?.s-e  410.  See  also  Mc- 
Crady,  vol  1775-1.780.  page  300.)  Thus, 
too,  we  find  Gen  Greene  bitterly  de- 
claring "that  he  fought  Lord  Rawdon 
with  his  deserters,  while  Rawdon 
fought  him  with  his  own."  "Ranks 
which  were  filled  with  sturdy  beggars, 
lewd,  idle,  and  disorderly  men,  and  de- 
serters were  not  the  place  for  patriots 
and  decent  citizens."  (See  McCrady 
Ibid,  page  302.)  This  "patriotism,"  me- 
thinks,  may  reasonably  be  taken  at  a 
discount.  Now  for  the  point.  I  shall 
only  use  two  illustrations.  They  will 
illustrate  my  general  position: 

Wade  Hampton  took  Protection  in 
1780.  He  afterwards  played  a  very 
distinguished  part  in  tlie  struggle  for 
Independence.  By  the  Constitution  of 
these  patriotic  Societies,  his  descend- 
ants are  barred — his  patriotism  is 
tainted. 

Isaac  Hayne  took  Protection.  His 
tragic  story  is  familiar,  I  trust,  to 
everyone.  This  whole-souled  patriot, 
who   paid   the   penalty   of   his    devotion 


to  the  Cause  by  an  ignominious  death — 
this  man's  descendants,  according  to 
the  Constitution  of  these  patriotic  So- 
cieties, must  be  barred  from  thedr  priv- 
ileged precincts.  His  patriotism  is 
tainted. 

So  that  a  descendant  of  a  militia- 
man who  saw  service  because  he  had 
to,  perhaps  of  some  loyalist  who  did 
not  have  money  enough  to  get  away, 
a  descendant  of  a  maji  who  went  into 
the  war  as  a  matter  of  business,  by 
reason  of  good  pay  and  prospective 
bounty,  a  descendant  of  some  ungaoled 
gaol-bird  "convicted  of  being  idle, 
lewd,  and  disorderly,  or  a  sturdy  beg- 
gar," whose  name  happens  to  be 
found  on  some  Continental  muster- 
roll  or  pay-roll,  is  surrounded  by  these 
patriotic  Societies  with  a  halo  of  tin- 
sel glory  and  invited  to  "join,"  while 
the  descendants  of  a  Wad^i  Hampton 
or  of  an  Isaac  Hayne  are  deemed  un- 
worthy. Yet  strange  to  say,  the  Sons 
of  the  Revolution  of  South  Carolina, 
who  according  to  their  Constitution 
must  exclude  the  descendants  of  these, 
have  perpetuated  the  memory  of  Isaac 
Hayne  on  a  bronze  tablet.  How  in- 
consistent! 

I  submit  again,  therefore,  that  "the 
influence  of  patriotic  Societies,  so- 
called,  has  been  anything  but  bene- 
ficial to  the  accurate  study  of  history; 
and  that  the  Constitutions  of  these  So- 
cieties make  it  clear  that  they  are 
based  upon  the  most  unintelligent  in- 
terpretation of  the  simplest  historical 
facts."     (This  is  a  point.) 

I  have  taken  up  so  much  space  with 
what  is  of  real  historical  import,  that 
I  shall  be  very  brief  on  the  other  fea- 
ture of  these  Societies,  which  Mr  Har- 
vey states  "have  subordinated  all  so- 
cial lines  to  the  furtherance  of  patriot- 
ic effort."  He  ought  certainly  to  know 
It  is  indeed  most  gratifying  to  learn 
from  such  an  authoritative  source,  that 
all  the  historical  workers  throughout 
the  country  have  been  laboring  all 
along  under  a  grievous  misapprehen- 
sion. It  is  really  a  pity  that  we  have 
not  more  evidence  of  it.  I  confess  that 
I  have  been  cruelly  deluded.  I  have  re- 
ceived hundreds  of  lettei-s,  with  a  re- 
quest to  hunt  for  Revolutionary  ances- 
tors (I  have  nothing  else  to  do,)  and 
have  often  learned  that  the  "D.  A.  R. 
gives  such  lovely  affairs."  but  in  all 
my  experience  I  have  never  seen  iuiy 
reference  in  these  letters  to  patriotic 
efforts;  all  of  which  goes  to  show  how 
mistaken  we  can  all  of  us  sometimes 
be.  It  would  be  interesting  to  learn 
what  our  societies  in  Charleston  have 
done  "to  collect  and  secure  for  preser- 
vation the  rolls,  records  and  other  doc- 


4 


uments  of  that  period."  I  recently- 
found  quite  a  little  Revolutionary  ma- 
terial myself  here,  and  it  would  be 
quite  gratifying  to  me  if  I  could  get 
access  to  more  of  it;  but  if  any  such 
material  has  been  gathered,  the  col- 
lectors have  been  very  .  reticent  about 
it.  The  South  Carolina  Historical  So- 
ciety is  doing  good  work  by  publishing 
our  historical  material,  and  could  do 
much  more  if  it  had  a  better  member- 
ship. How  many  of  the  Sons  and 
Daughters  belong,  and  thus  manifest 
their  interest  in  the  only  way  that  is 
of  any  account?  Or  is  $3  a  year  an 
excessive  price  to  pay  for  patriotism? 
Mr  Harvey  feels  assured  that  my 
"great  work,"  is  receiving  no  more  un- 
stinted appreciation  than  from  the 
members  of  patriotic  Societies.  Alas, 
his  feeling  of  assurance  is  not  well 
founded.  I  have  worked  hard  for  ten 
years.  I  have  collected  some  quarter 
of  a  million  historical  references.  I 
have  published  quite  extensively  for  my 
opportunities,  and  the  net  result  of  my 
work  would  not  pay  for  the  price  of  a 
dinner.  Talk  is  cheap.  Sincere  appre- 
ciation of  an  author's  work  is  best 
shown  by  his  subscription  list,  but 
mine  shows  no  members  of  patriotic 
societies;  and  others  will  tell  the  same 
tale. 

But  let  me  say  again  what  I  said  in 
my  former  article:  "I  have  nothing  to 
say  against  the  existence  of  societies 
whose  purpose  is  to  foster  the  spirit  of 
patriotism,  than  which  there  is  nothing 
nobler."  But  the  workers  all  over  the 
country  seem  to  think  that  these  soci- 
eties are  wandering  far  afield  from  the 
purpose  for  which  they  were  instituted. 
It  is  simply  appalling  to  think  of  the 
number  of  good,  bad  and  indifferent 
genealogists  who  are  making  a  hand- 
some living,  practically  doing  nothing 
else  than  trace  Revolutionary  ances- 
tors. From  samples  of  their  work  that 
I  have  seen  you  can  get  anything  you 
want  by  paying  for  it.  I  have  a  vivid 
recollection  of  last  Summer's  visit  to 
the   Lenox   Library,    when   I    could   not 


get  a  seat — every  seat  being  occupied 
by  these  ancestor  hunters.  Other  work- 
ers make  the  same  complaint.  And  our 
own  Mr  Salley  joins  in  the  chorus. 

And  now  in  conclusion,  I  would  like 
to  say  a  word  to  our  patriotic  Daugh- 
ters whose  souls  I  may  have  perturbed 
by  my  former  article.  I  am  not  writ- 
ing for  fun.  "When  I  razzle-dazzle,  I 
usually  razzle-dazzle  for  a  purpose.  I 
am  aiming  to  get  justice  for  those  who 
took  protection.  Personally,  of  course, 
I  have  not  the  slightest  interest  in  the 
matter,  but  I  have  several  friends  who 
for  reasons  of  their  own  want  to  join 
the  Societies,  and  whom  I  have  advised 
that  under  the  present  Constitution, 
they  are  not  eligible — though  their  an- 
cestors received  pensions  for  their  ser- 
vices to  the  Cause.  There  is  no  use  to 
run  away  from  an  issue.  It  should  be 
faced  and  if  necessary,  forced.  This  is 
exactly  what  I  am  doing,  If  our 
Daughters  will  have  a  little  patience 
they  will  doubtless  hear  more  about  it 
later  on.  Some  may  doubt  the  wisdom 
of  calling  attention  to  the  names  of 
those  who  took  protection.  McCrady 
does  this  in  part.  It  is  better  that 
people  know  how  they  stand  than  that 
innocent  people  should  be  subjected  to 
mortification  later  on. 

And  now  lastly,  too,  a  word  to  my 
friend  Major  Harvey,  than  whom  I 
hold  none  in  higher  esteem.  I  am  sorry 
that  he  got  into  a  controversial  mood. 
He  is  not  a  controversialist,  and  does 
not  belong  in  controversy.  It  is  always 
dangerous  to  swim  in  unknown  waters. 
If  I  have  been  rather  severe  on  him,  I 
hope  he  will  forgive  me  and  not  mis- 
interpret my  vigorous  style  for  offence. 
We  have  both  of  us  only  been  razzle- 
dazzling.  If  the  result  of  our  razzle- 
dazzling  is  to  stimulate  our  patriotic 
societies  to  those  effoits  for  which  they 
v.ere  instituted — while  I  shall  still  be- 
lieve that  they  are  founded  on  an  un- 
intelligent interpretation  of  History — 
they  will  at  any  rate  have  justified 
their  existence,  and  our  razzle-dazzling 
will  not  have  been  in  vain. 


I  Iti'iirinted  from  the  Sundvv  News.  Marc;i  ^l.  1!K)7.— No.  8.1 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Bool<:. 


By  Dr  Barnett  A.  £lzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


Jadah   P.   Benjamin. 

I  herewith  present  the  student  with 
practically  complete  materials  for  a 
biography  of  Judah  P.  Benjamin.  No 
accurate  biography  has  hitherto  ap- 
I>eared,  the  early  story  of  this  distin- 
guished lawyer  and  statesman  being 
involved  in  much  obscurity.  One  must 
beware  of  newspaper  clippings  as  au- 
thentic sources  of  information.  If  we 
do  not  heed  this  caution,  we  shall  be 
bound  to  get  into  trouble.  I  speak  with 
confidence  on  this  matter,  having  at 
my  command  at  a  few  minutes  notice 
some  125,000  historical  references  still 
unused.  It  is  only  when  one  is  able 
to  take  a  complete  survey  of  such  ma- 
terial that  one's  opinion  is  worth  any- 
thing at  all.  Then  it  is,  that  one  sees 
clearly  to  what  confusion  tradition 
leads   the   would-be   historian. 

I  would  here  add  that  much  of  the 
traditional  gossip  that  has  gone  the 
rounds  of  the  press  in  various  forms, 
originated  with  the  late  Nathaniel  Le- 
vin, whose  memory  went  back  over 
half  a  century,  and  whose  fame  as  a 
raconteur  lent  a  fictitious  weight  to 
his  reminiscences.  Another  man,  in 
recent  years,  who  has  done  his  little 
share  in  perpetuating  traditionl  mis- 
takes, is  Mr  Henry  D.  Capers,  of  Mo- 
bile, Ala,  who  has  given  us  the  old 
stories  of  Judah  P.  Benjamin's  early 
career  in  slightly  different  version.  The 
present  time  is  the  day  of  scientific 
history.  We  accept  nothing  without 
reasonable  evidence.  It  may  seem  a 
pity  to   some  to  spoil  old  wives'   tales; 


but,  properly  presented,  truth  is  not 
less  pleasing  than  fiction.  It  is  often 
really  more  remarkable  than  fiction. 
But  were  it  even  otherwise,  our  duty 
to  truth  were  still  paramount.  There 
is  no  use  and  no  justification  for  the 
perpetuation  of  error  and  falsehood. 


Judah  P.  Benjamin,  a  pen  picture  of, 
April  22,  1864. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  a  letter  from, 
January  21,  1882. 

In  reference  to  supposed  vast  sums 
deposited  in  the  Bank  of  England  and 
elsewhere  in  Europe.  "I  do  not  believe 
that  one  penny  is  to  be  found  anywhere 
in  Europe,  of  the  assets  of  the  defunct 
Confederacy." 

Judah  P.  Benjamin  in  London,  July 
13,   1882. 

A   most   interesting  sketch. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  February  25,  1883. 

A  magnificent  tribute  from  the  Lon- 
don Telegraph.  "The  greatest  advo- 
cate known  to  the  English  Bar  since 
Scarlett."  Inaacurate  as  to  the  details 
of  his  early  life. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  May  20,  188,3. 

Reminiscences  of  his  legal  career,  and 
an  account  of  the  coming  banquet  up- 
on his  retirement  from  the  Bar.  Ab- 
surdly inaccurate  though  romantic,  in 
the  details  of  his  early  life. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  obituary  notice 
of.  May  8.  1884. 

Interesting  but   inaccurate. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  May  11,  1884. 

Some  interesting  reminiscences  by 
an  "Octogenarian."  The  only  reference 
to  certain  Benjamin  family  matters  In 
the   literature.      Not    entirely    accurate. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  December  26, 
1897. 

An  inaccurate  sketch  of  his  life  cop- 
\e<\  from  an  article  in  The  Jewish 
South. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  January  14,  1808. 


The  Benjamin  family  In  Beaufort. 
Judah  never  lived  here — only  his  moth- 
er, brother  and  sister.  He  himself  at 
the  time  was  already  in  New  Orleans. 

Judah   P.   Benjamin,   January  6.   189S. 

This  paper  contains  several  most  in- 
teresting items.  First,  an  editorial  on 
Judah  P.  Benjamin.  Next,  a  letter 
from  Nathaniel  Lrevin  to  H.  H.  DeL.eon, 
contaiiiing  supposed  data  about  his 
early  life.  They  are  only  the  reminis- 
cences of  a  raconteur.  Mr  Levin  tells 
us,  for  example,  that  "Judah  P.  Ben- 
jamin was  a  student  of  Columbia  Col- 
lege, then  under  the  presidency  of  the 
scholarly  Cooper."  This  is  not  so.  He 
states  further:  "If  Mr  Benjamin  went 
to  Yale  I  am  ignorant  of  the  fact;  and 
while  it  may  be  correct,  I  doubt  its 
authenticity!"  Mr  "Levin  concludes: 
"A  half  century  has  transpired  and  my 
recollections  as  to  dates  cannot  be  re- 
called." In  this  same  issue,  a  Mr  B. 
C.  Hard  gives  some  interesting  per- 
sonal recollections:  "Recollections  of 
School-fellow." 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  January  27.  189S 

A  letter  from  Hon  James  Sprunt,  of 
Wilmington,  telling  of  his  career  in 
Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

Judnh  P.  Benjamin's  School  Days. 
July  29,   1903. 

A  long  communication  from  Mr  J.  S. 
Leary,  containing  interesting  data 
about  Mr  Benjamin  at  school  at  Fay- 
etteville. 

The  above  ref«rences.  together  with 
the  datn  given  in  my  volume  on  The 
Jews  of  South  Carolina,  pn  lSn-lR7.  will 
furnish  a  mole  material  for  an  accu- 
rate biography  of  the  man  des'^ribed 
by  one  as  "the  brains  of  the  Confed- 
eracy," and  by  another  as  "the  Me- 
phistopheles  of  the  Rebellion,  the  bril- 
liant, learned,  sinister  Secretary  of 
State." 


Battle   FlaKS. 

Storv  of  a  Battle  Flag,  (2Gth  S.  C. 
V./>  January  1.  1SS4. 

The  Palmetto  Flag,  Januarv  1.  1RS4. 

Confederate  Battle  Flags,  June  16.  17. 
1S87. 

First  Regiment  Flag.  November  15. 
1R93. 

Tb"^  First  Confederate  Flag.  February 
17.   189r>. 


.Toliti    ('.    Cnlliosin. 

—Three  col  editorial  on,  June  10.  1S82. 
—The  State's  Tribute  to,  Anril  1,  1887. 
—  Rditorial  on.  April  26,  1887. 
— Unveiling    of    monument,    orations, 
etc,  April  27,  1887. 


— Eulogy  on,  by  Col  Thomas,  August 
16,  1897. 

— Prize  oration   on,   August     22,     1897. 

— And  Hugh  Wilson,  editorial  and  ar- 
ticle, October  27,  1897. 

— "A  Stainless  Statesman,"  February 
6,  1898. 


The  Bnrnlii;?  of  Columbia. 

The    Burning    of     Columbia,    May    ,3, 

18S4,  November  3,  1S85.  July  27,  29, 
August  10,  1886.  January  l.j,  21.  Feb- 
ruary 5,  10,  1888.  February  18,  1891.  Feb- 
ruary 24,  190L 


Hngrueuotti. 

Huguenot  Memories,  June  20,  1883. 

The  Charleston  Huguenots,  June  12, 
1885. 

Origin  of  the  name,  September  28, 
1885. 

The  Huguenot  celebration,  October  22, 
1885. 

The  Carolina  Huguenots,  November 
18,  1894. 

Some  Abbeville  Huguenots,  December 
5,  1897. 


Tlif     ^lecUIeiibiii'jf    "necluration.*' 

The  Mecklenburg  Declaration,  July 
12,  1882. 

The  case  argued  on  both  sides. 

—Editorial  on.   May  28.  1890. 

"Liberty  cradled  in  a  hornet's  nest." 
Contains  interesting  material  not 
usually  quoted  in  discussions  of  the 
question. 

—Editorial  on,  October  18,  1894. 


Tlie  Je^TH'  l/ands  in  Abbeville. 

There  is  a  charm  in  historical  re- 
search. This  is  largely  due  to  the  con- 
stant surprises  that  it  offers  to  the  in- 
vestigator. One  never  knows  where 
new  light  is  coming  from,  but  some- 
how it  is  coming  all  the  time.  Such  an 
agreeable  surprise  came  to  me  mosi 
unexpectedly  last   Summer. 

1  had  conducted  what  I  conside)'ed  a 
most  thorough  investigation  into  the 
history  of  Joseph  Salvador,  the  Eng- 
lish merchant  prince  and  philanthro- 
pist, who  came  to  South  Carolina  when 
the  failure  of  the  Dutch  East  India 
Company  and  the  earthquake  at  Lis- 
bon had  brought  him  to  the  brink  of 
ruin,  to  seek  the  wre<'kage  of  his  for- 
nier  fnttime. 


Joseph  Salvador  was  in  his  day  one 
of  the  greatest  landowners  in  this  coun- 
try, owning-  100,000  acres  of  land,  in 
what  afterwards  became  Ninety-Six 
District.  I  thought  that  I  had  account- 
ed for  every  acre  of  his  vast  estate 
from  the  records  in  Charleston.  But 
one  must  never  be  too  sure  in  histori- 
cal matters.  A  most  interesting  doc- 
ument that  came  into  my  hands  last 
Summer  throws  more  light  upon  the 
subject  and  shows  that  there  may  be 
soniething  underlying  the  story  told 
by  the  English  historian  Picciotto, 
which  I  have  reproduced  in  my  book, 
and  which  did  not  seem  plausible  in  the 
light  of  our  records. 

I  was  in  Washington,  namely,  for  the 
purpose  of  study;  as  was  also  my 
friend,  Mr  J.  L.  Conger,  of  the  Uni- 
\'ersity  of  "V\''isconsin.  We  had  spent 
considerable  time  together  in  Charles- 
ton, and  he  had  taken  note  of  some 
things  in  which  I  was  particularly  in- 
terested. The  co-operative  method  is 
altogether  admirable  in  historical 
work.  I  am  constantly  turning  over 
material  to  others,  ^\  ho  in  turn,  are  on 
the  lookout  for  things  I  need.  Mr 
Conger  made  a  real  "find"  for  me.  It 
^vas,  namely,  an  original  re-survey  of 
the  Salvador  lands,  drawn  in  color, 
showing  all  the  tracts  that  had  been 
disposed  of,  those  on  which  squatters 
had  settled,  and  the  tracts  that  were 
still  for  sale.  This  re-survey  was  made 
in  1791,  after  the  death  of  Salvador, 
and  sets  forth  that  "the  residue  of  these 
lands  was  taken  in  E.xecution  and  sold 
by  Samuel  Saxon,  Esq,  Sheriff  of  said 
District,  on  the  6th  Day  of  June,  1791." 

Att.ached  to  the  plat  is  the  following 
advei-tiseroent,  which  \\ould  do  credit 
to  the  best  real  estate  agent  of  to- 
day: 

LANDS  FOR  SALE. 

In  a  well  settled  Country,  SIXTY- 
FIVE  THOUSAND  THREE  HUN- 
DRED AND  SEVENTY  FOUR  ACRES 
OP  LAND;  in  one  body,  in  the  most 
populous  part  of  the  State  of  South- 
Carolina,  in  the  dirtrict  of  Ninety-Six. 
...  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  healthy  cli- 
mate, free  from  fever  &  ague,  about 
sixty  miles  from  Columbia,  the  seat 
of  government.  The  land  is  contigu- 
ous to  the  town  of  Cambridge,  where 
are  a  seminary  for  the  instruction  of 
youth,  and  a  superior  law  court.  It  is 
at  present  within  about  thirty-five 
miles  of  good  navigation,  with  a  prob- 
ability of  having  the  river,  called  the 
Great  Saluda,  that  flovs  alomg  ono 
side  of  the  land,  made  navigable.  The 
land  is  beautifully  divcsifiel  into 
swells  and  vales,  and  is  perfectly  well 
•  ■alculated    for    the   culture   of   tobacco. 


cotton,  Indian  com,  and  small  grain;  a 
great  proportion  of  it  may  be  made 
meadow  ground.  There  is  not,  perhaps, 
such  a  body  of  land,  so  circumstanced 
for  sale  in  any  other  of  the  U:  States. 

Accompanying  the  plat,  is  a  certifi- 
cate of  63  Conveyances  recorded  in 
Abbeville  County— 19,559  1-2  acres. 

Abbeville  County, 
State  of  South  Carolina. 
I  do  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing 
is  a  true  acount  of  all  the  several  Con- 
veyances (sixty  three  in  number)  made 
by  Joseph  Salvadore,  of  land  contained 
within  the  two  tract.s  of  50,000  acres 
each,  usually  called  Salvadore's  Tracts, 
upon  record  in  this  County;  and  that 
no  other  or  further  conveyance  of  any 
part  of  said  Land  is  to  be  found  upon 
the  said  Records — Witness  my  hand,  at 
Abbeville  Court  House  this  Thirty  first 
day  of  May  179S 

And  I  hereby  certify  that  there  is  no 
Mortgage  upon  the  whole  or  any  part 
of  the  two  tracts  of  Land  usually  called 
Salvadore's  tracts,  to  be  found  on  the 
Records  of  this  County — Witness  my 
hand  at  Abbeville  Court  House  this  31st 
day  of  May  1798. 

JOHN  BOWIE  C.  A.  C. 

What  is  remarkable  indeed,  is  the 
fact  that  none  of  the  conveyances  re- 
corded in  Charleston,  all  of  which  I 
have  enumerated  in  my  book,  are  re- 
corded in  Abbeville.  Among  these  is 
one  to  Rebecca  Mendes  Da  Costa  for 
20.000  acres:  and  another  to  several  in- 
dividuals for  the  residue  of  59,900 
acres.  How  the  estate  was  finally  set- 
tled I  do  not  know,  but  it  was  subse- 
quently taken  into  the  Courts  by  the 
foreign  heirs.  It  is  said  that  the  fa- 
mous George  McDuffie  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  his  fortune  bj''  the  work  he  did 
i'.i  connection  with  the  case.  The  Ab- 
beville records  are  no  longer  in  exis- 
tence and  I  do  not  know  that  much 
would  be  gained  by  having  them.  It 
is  interesting,  however,  to  know  that 
the  Salvador  lands,  which  are  now 
within  the  corporate  limits  of  Abbe- 
ville County,  are  still  known  as  the 
"Jews'  Lands,"  or  the  "Land  of  Prom- 
ise." I  hope  some  day  to  make  a  pil- 
grimage thither. 


Diiel.s  hikI  r>iielHiiS5:. 

Wise-Lewis  Duel.   September  20.  1881. 
Virginia   Duels,    October  18.   1881. 
The  Modern  Campaign  Duel,  October 
21.  1881. 
Duelling  in  Virgini.a.  January  3.  1882. 
New  Orleans  Duel,  June  8.  9,  10,  1882. 
Columbia   Duel,   June  22.   27.   1882. 
Old-time  Duels.  October  18.  1882. 


Duelling  in  South  Carolina,  October 
21,  1885. 

Duelling:  in  the  South,   July  21,  1887. 

Williamson-Calhoun  Duel,  August  11, 
12,  13,  25,  1889. 

A  Famous  Duel,  November  9,  1897. 

Bloeraphical    Material. 

Edwin  Booth,  June  8,  1893. 

Junius  Brutus  Booth,  September  20, 
1883. 

John  C.  Calhoun's  Family,  May  4, 
1885. 

Ann  Pamela  Cuningham,  October  31, 
1885. 

Paul  H.  Hayne,  October  4,  1881.  No- 
vember 24,  1882.  February  10,  Septem- 
ber 20,  1883.  July  8.  9,  12,  August  13, 
1886.     October  30,   1887. 

Robert  Y.  Hayne,   November  13,  1882. 

Sidney  Lanier,  September  12,  De- 
cember 19,   1881. 

William   Lowndes,    December   6,    1885. 

James  L.  Petigru,  March  28,  1891. 
September   26,    1897. 

Gen  Thomas  Pinckney,  March  6,  1898. 

John   Rutledge,    February   1,    1891. 

State  Legislature  Biographies.  No- 
vember 26,  1884;  November  23,  1886;  No- 
vember 25.   1890. 

Henry  Timrod,  May  1,  2,  1901. 

I.ot-nl   Hintory. 

The  Ashes  of  the  Past.  [Alleys  in 
Charleston]  November  1,  1885. 

Carolina, — The  name,  Januai-y  24, 
1862.  June  21.  1883.  April  12,  17,  21,  26. 
May  3,  15,   1884. 

Carolina — the  early  days  of,  April  29, 
1888. 


Charleston— A  Century  of,,  January 
1,  1901. 

Charleston— Ante-Bellum,  September 
13,   1885. 

From  the  Storied  Past— Some  Remi- 
niscences of  the  antient  history  of 
Charleston,  April  11,  1886. 

Roll  of  the  Dead  in  1900,  January  1, 
1901. 

Georgetown — Description  of,  Octo- 
ber 4,  1882. 

Lancaster — a  pen  picture  of,  Novem- 
ber 23,  1897. 

Our  Silver  Mace— The  Story  of,  Octo- 
ber 20,  1882.     December  9,  1893. 

Marion,  Gen  Francis — The  tomb  of, 
April  19,  May  23,  1893. 

Relics  of  the  Olden  Time,  December 
6,  1885. 

Slave  Badges,   September  11.  17,  1889. 

The  "Smiths"  of  South  Carolina,  let- 
ter from  "The  Antient  Lady,"  August 
9,  1862. 


Charleston  Chnrches. 

Our  Early  Churches,  December  28, 
1884. 

The  Cathedral  of  St  Finbar,  Decem- 
ber 18    1885 

The  Circular  Church.  March  4,  1862. 
February  19.  188S.  August  24,  1890.  Jan- 
uary 18,  1892.     February  11,  1901. 

The  First  Church  in  Charleston,  De- 
cember 7.   1884. 

The  Huguenot  Church,  January  14, 
1898. 

St  Michael's  Bells,  March  7.  1887. 
March   6.    1S9S. 

The  Unitarian  Church,  April  17,  1886. 
April   2?,,   1SS7. 

Note: — All  the  references  in  the  fore- 
going article  are  to  The  Courier. 


I  Iteprlnted  from  the  Sunday  News,  April  7. 1907.— No.  9.1 


Leaves  from  My 

Historical  Scrap  Book. 

By  Dr  Barnett  A.  Elzas,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 


With  my  article  to-day  I  bring  this 
series  of  "Leaves  from  my  Historical 
Scrap  Book"  to  completion.  I  set  out 
with  the  avowed  purpose  of  calling  at- 
tention to  the  immense  mass  of  his- 
torical material  that  lies  buried  within 
the  volumes  of  our  newspaper  files, 
which  might  as  well  be  out  of  exis- 
tence, unless  someone  takes  the  trouble 
to  index  their  contents.  For  myself, 
I  have  inerely  skimmed  the  surface. 
All  I  have  done  is  to  pull  out  a  page 
here  and  there  of  my  note-books,  and 
to  list  those  items  that  I  thought  would 
be  of  interest.  What  I  have  made 
available  represents  only  a  small  por- 
tion of  what  could  and  should  be  made 
available.  The  files  of  The  City  Ga- 
zette, The  Southern  Patriot  and  The 
Mercury  are  likewise  wonderfully  rich 
in  literary  and  historical  data.  Thou- 
sands of  references  might  readily  be 
compiled  from   their  interesting  pages. 

That  my  contribution  to  our  local 
history  might  be  of  real  and  lasting 
value,  I  have  verified  practically  every 
reference. 

I  will  only  add  in  conclusion,  that  I 
trust  my  own  work  may  stimulate 
others  in  a  similar  direction. 

niisoellaneonH   Confederate   Mhterial. 

Major  Anderson,  Jan  23,  186L 

The  Swamp  Angel,  May  24,  1888. 

De  Gress's  Rattery,   April  11,  1897. 

Harfs  Battery,  July  28,  1892. 

Stevens's  Battery,  Feb  22,  1897. 

Buttery  Wiigner,  March  6,  IS'jS. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin's  great  Speech, 
Jan  9,  1861. 

Edwin  De  Leon,  a  fine  tribute  to, 
Mav  IS,  1861. 


Battles: 

Drewry's  Bluff,  May  21,  1884. 
Fredericksburg,  Nov  21,  1897. 
Gettysburg,   Dec  10,   1893. 
First  Manassas,  April  1,  1884. 
New  Market,  July  15,  1882. 
Seven  Pines,  Aug  6,  10,  11,  1885. 
Shiloh,  April  28,  May  10,  1887. 
Gen  Beauregard,  Feb  5,  1884;  Feb  22, 
1893. 

The  Sword  of  Beauregard,  March  17, 
1893. 

Blockade  of  Charleston,  Jan  12,  21, 
1897. 

Blockade  Running,  Feb  7,  21,  1897. 

The  Free  Market  of  Charleston,  Feb 
26.  1862. 

"The  noblest  charity  extant."  Orig- 
inated with  Ben  Mordecai,  and  largely 
supported  by  him. 

Butler's   Brigade  in  '64,  Nov  2,  1897. 

Gist's  Brigade  at  Franklin,  Feb  14, 
1887. 

Hagood's  Brigade,  Aug  11,  Sept  1, 
1881. 

Hagood's  Regiment,  May  9,  1888. 

McGowan's  Brigade,  June  19,  1904. 

Who  were  Carpet-Baggers,  Aug  24, 
1885. 

The  Siege  of  Charleston,  July  17, 
1S92;  Jan  26,  1897. 

Jeff  Davis's  Speech  at  New  Or- 
leans,  Jan   28,   1882. 

Jeff  Davis  and  his  maligners,  Feb  4, 
1882. 

Jeff  Davis,  vindication  of,  April  17, 
1882. 

Jeff  Davis,  capture  of.  Sept  4,  10,  23, 
1885. 

JefC  Davis,  a  kind  word  for,  June  15, 
1888 

Jeff  Davis,  biography  of,  Jan  26.  1891. 

Jeff  Davis,  funeral  of,  May  17,  23,  25, 
1893. 

Jeff  Davis,  private  life  of.  June  1.  1893. 

Coins  of  the  Confederacy,  Feb  28,  1885. 

Confederate  Dead,  Aug  25,  1S85. 

Our  Graves  at  Fredericksburg,  March 
IS,  1890. 


List  of  South  Carolina  Dead  at  Fred- 
ericksburg, June  16,  1890. 

Our  Dead  in  Hollywood,  April  10.  1893. 

The  Dead  of  the  War.  Nov  9,  1897. 

Germans  and  their  Dead,  Nov  10,  1897. 

W.  L.  I.  List  of  Dead,  Mar  18,  1888. 

The  Confederate  Capital,  Mar  21,  1897. 

The  Confederate  War  Debt,  June  1, 
7.  1886. 

The  Confederate  Generals,  June  18, 
1889 

The  Confederate  Gold,   Dec   18,,    1885. 

The  first  Confederate  Ram,  Jan  7, 
1884. 

The  Confederate  Seal,  Jan  15,  27.  1886. 

The  Confederate  Specie,  Dec  21,  22, 
23,  1881. 

The  Confederate  States  Navy,  July  2, 
1887. 

France  and  the  Confederate  Navy, 
May  24,  1888. 

The  Germans    In   War,   May   24,    1888. 

William  J.  Grayson,  Oct  8.  1863. 

Maxcy  Gregrg-.  March  18,  1888. 

Who  fired  the  first  Gun?  Jan  16, 
1861:  Oct  20,  23,  1882;  Jam  19.  1893. 

The  first  and  last  Shot..  Aug  25,  1893. 

Hampton,  March  4,  1891. 

Hampton  Legion,  April  3,  1882. 

Hampton  Legion  at  Manassas,  July 
13.  ISSo;   Nov  14,  1897. 

With  Hampton  in  Battle,  Dec  5,  1897. 

Hampton  at  Fayetteville.  Dec  12,  1897. 

Gen  Huguenin.   Jan  10,  1888. 

Stonewall  Jackson  at  Manassas,  Mar 
27.  1884. 

Stonewall  Jackson  at  Chancellors- 
ville.  April  5,  1886. 

Jackson's  plan  of  War,  June  20,  1889. 

Stonewall  Jackson's  way,  June  22, 
1889. 

Jackson  in  Battle.  Oct  28.  1897. 

Jackson  at  Winchester,  Jan  6.  1901. 

The  Jews  of  Chattanooga,  July  31, 
1861. 

The  Jews  of  Richmond,  May  3,  1861; 
Jan  15,  1864. 

The  Jewish  Women  of  Charlotte, 
June  24,  1861. 

Johnson  and  Grant,   Nov  5,  1885. 

The  Raids  of  the  Kuklux.  Sept  13, 
1892. 

Robert  E.  Lee,  Jan  5,  1890. 

Moise.  oration  on  Lee.  Jan  20.  1S98. 

Robert  E.   Lee.  Teacher.  Feb  21.  1897. 

Gen  James  Longstreet,  July  6,  1885. 

Mpsonry  and  Prisoners  of  War,  Jan 
L'8.  1862. 

Monitor  and   Merrimac.  May  26.   1897. 

Monitor  and  the  Virginia,  Sept  13. 
189";    Feb  9.   1S98. 

Benjamin  Mordecai,  a  fine  tribute  to. 
Mar  12,  1862. 

Nelson's  Battalion,   Aug  8.   1897. 

Orr's  Regiment,  Aug  6,  1892. 

James  L.  Petigru.  Mar  10,  1863. 

Who  are  the  Rebels?     Aug  15.  1862. 


That  foul  word  "Rebellion,"  July  28, 
Oct  25,  26,  30,  1897. 

The  Real  cause  of  the  Rebellion,  Oct 
19.   1897. 

The  Ordinance  of  Secession,  July  14, 
1885. 

Jeff  Davis  on  the  Right  of  Secession, 
July  6,  16,  1881. 

The  Right  of  Secession,  Mar  15,  1891; 
June  5,  July  24,  Aug  18,  1893. 

The  State  Flag,  Jan  28,  1861. 

Slavery  and  Secession,  Aug  21.  1883. 

John  C.  Calhoun  om  States'  Rights, 
March  8.  1883. 

The  evacuation  of  Fort  Sumter,  July 
7,  1881, 

The  Siege  of  Sumter,  March  21,  1883. 

Survivors  12th  Regiment.  Aug  22.  1881. 

Were  the  Confederates  "Traitors?  Feb 
4,  1885. 

Causes  of  the  War,  Nov  28,  1897. 

Not  a  Civil  War,  Nov  17,  1897;  Feb  15, 
1901. 

Issues  of  the  War,  May  4.  1882. 

The  Object  of  the  War,  (Lee)  May  5, 
1885. 

Responsibility  for  the  War,  June  6, 
1893. 

Hebrews  in  the  War.  Jan  3.  1892. 

Southern  Heroes  in  War,  Dec  18,  1892. 

The  first  Martyr  of  the  War,  Sept  2, 
1897. 

Memories  of  the  War.  Oct  28,  188.5. 

Reminiscences  of  the  War,  April  30, 
1887. 

South  Carolina  in  the  War,  Jan  7, 
1898. 

Wheeler's  Men,  Mar  14,  1898. 

W.  L.  L  Vols.     Appeal,  June  15,  ,1864. 

(In  response  to  this  appeal,  Ben 
Mordecai  contributed  $1,000.) 


Confederate  RonterN. 

1st  Regt  S.  C.  v..  April  23.  1861. 

1st    Regt   Of  Rifles,   Aug  23,   1861. 

2nd  Regt  S.  C.  V.,  April  26.  1861. 

7th   Regt.  Co  F..  Aug  14.  1861. 

10th  Regt  S.  C.  v.,  Dec  24,  1861. 

20th    Regt    S.    C.    V.,    Co   A.,    May   20, 
1862. 

Beauregard    Light    Infantry,    Aug    9, 
1861. 

Brooks  Guards,  May  13.  1861. 

Carolina  Light  Infantry,  Oct  15,  1861. 

Charleston    Mounted    Guard,    June    1, 
1861. 

Chesterfield    Light    Artillery,    Oct    1,5. 
1861. 
Chestnut  Light  Artillery.  July  28,  1862. 

Colleton  Guards.   Sept   4,   1861. 

DeSaussure    Light    Artillery,    Oct    15, 
1862. 

Drafted  Companies.   July  29.  1863. 

Georgetown    Rifle     Guards,     Aug     21, 
1861. 


German  Artillery,  Co  B.,  April  28, 
1862. 

Governor's  Guards,  April  11,  1861. 

Capt  Hills  Co,  April  1,  1862. 

The  Home  Guard,  May  2.  1861, 

Irish  Volunteers,  Aug-  1,  1861. 

Col  Kershaw's  Regt,  April  30,  1861. 

Marion  Rifles,  Feb  24,  1863. 

Ordnance  Guard,   March  20,  1862. 

Palmetto  Guard.  May  1,  10,  1861. 

Palmetto  Guard  Artillery,  June  17, 
1862. 

Pee  Dee  Rifles,  March  27,  1862. 

P'ckens  Rangers.  Dec  4.  1861. 

Pickens  Rifles.  Aug  10.  1861. 

Re-enlisted   Soldiers.    Mar  9,   1864. 

Regiment  of  Reserves,  Dec  11,  1861. 

S.   C.   College  Cadets,  May  2,  1861. 

Trenholm  Rifles,  Dec  5,  1861. 

Vigilant   Rifles,   Jan   9,   1861. 

Waccamaw  Light  Artillery,  April  29, 
1862. 

Washington  Artillery,  .March  11,  1862. 

Washington  Light  Infantry,  June  1, 
1861. 

Washington  Mounted  Artillery,  July 
12,  1861. 

Wee  Nee  Riflemen,  Nov  23.  1861. 

Wee  Nee  Vols,  Sept  16.  1861. 

Yeadon  Light  Artillery,  May  1.*},  1862. 

The  Cruel   Slave  Ovrner. 

The  gruesome  pictures  of  the  cruelty 
of  slavery  which  we  meet  with  ever  and 
nnon,  are  very  amusing  to  those  who 
have  lived  in  the  South.  In  examining 
some  wills  recently  in  Camden,  I  came 
across  a  good  illustration  of  the  tender 
regard  which  the  old  master  and  mis- 
tress had  for  their  slaves.  In  the  Will 
of  Sarah  Levy,  the  mother  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Col  Chapman  Levy,  of  Cam- 
den, probated  on  October  24,  1842,  there 
occurs  the  following  passage: 

"It  is  my  direction,  desire  and  earn- 
est request,  that  old  Kennedy  shall  be 
kept  with  his  wife  and  each  treated 
with  kindness  and  all  reasonable  indul- 
gence." 

I  have  met  with  such  directions  so 
frequently,  that  the  illustration  may 
be  said  to  be  almost   typical. 

Charle«  Pinckney  <17.%S.1824.) 

I  have  often  thought  that  a  good  defi- 
nition of  nn  encyclopaedia  would  be: 
"A  book  where  one  can  get  inaccurate 
Information."  Some  encyclopaedias  are 
inexpressibly  bad.  I  recently  had  oc- 
casion to  look  up  a  matter  in  connec- 
tion with  Charles  Pinckney  in  Apple- 
ton's  Cyclopaedia  of  American  Biog- 
raphy, and  was  not  a  little  surprised 
at  the  following  information:  "Mr 
Pinckney  was  the  founder  of  the  old 
Republican    Party   of    South     Carolina. 


He  possessed  liberal  views  on  all  sub- 
jects ...  he  was  the  principal  agent 
in  the  removal  of  the  civil  and  poli- 
tical disabilities  that  had  been  im- 
posed on  the  Jews  in  South  Carolina." 
(Vol  5,  p  23.)  I  wonder  why  reliable 
publishing  houses  do  not  submit  the 
pix)ofs  of  historical  works  to  competent 
local  workers  for  revision?  It  would 
certainly  pay  them  in  the  long  run. 

Revolutionary  Material. 

The  Antient  Battalion  of  Artillery, 
March  31,  1901. 

Baron  DeKalb,  May  5,  1884. 

The  DeKalb  Monument,  Jan  1.  1883. 
See  also  City  Gazette,  March  31,  1827. 

Battle  of  Beaufort.  .Gazette  of  the 
State  of  South  Carolina,  March  10,  1779. 

Boston  in  1774,  June  19,  1861. 

A  long  list  of  subscriptions  from 
Georgetown,  S.  C,  for  the  relief  of  Bos- 
ton. 

Battle  of  Camden,  City  Gazette,  July 
15,  1831.  See  also  South  Carolina  & 
American  General  Gazette,  Dec  13,  1780. 

Battle  of  Eutaw,  City  Gazette,  Jan  30, 
1826. 

Eutaw  Springs  Centennial,  Sept  8, 
1881. 

Battle  of  Eutaw  Springs,  Jan  2,  1882. 

The  Darkest  Hour  of  the  Revolution 
— Letter  from  George  Washington, 
dated  Dec  30.  1778,  Oct  16,  1863. 

King's  Mountain,   Feb  3,  1853. 

Original  material. 

Battle  of  King's  Mountain,  Oct  7, 
1853. 

The  Siege  of  Savannah,  South  Caro- 
lina and  American  General  Gazette, 
Oct  1,  1779. 

Journal  of  the  Siege  of  Savannah, 
Ibid,  Dec  10,  1779. 

Marlon's  Home,  Mar  25,   1897. 

Marion's  Grave,  June  9,  1883. 

Marion's  Tomb,  Feb  17,  1889. 

Revolutionary  Incident,  (concerning 
Richard  C.  Anderson)  April  6,  1861. 

A  Relic  of  the  Revolution,  (Samuel 
Venning's  sword)  May  31,  1861. 

Revolutionary  Relics,  Dec  9,  1884. 

Gen  Sumter — the  Gamecock  of  the 
Revolution,  Nov  14,  1863. 

The  Evacuation  of  Charleston  In 
1782.  Dec  14.  1882. 

The  German  Fusiliers — Roll  of  the 
Company  at  Savannah  in  1779,  Jan  21, 
1886. 

Col  Plnckney's  Order  Book,  of  1st  S. 
C.   Regiment,  June  28,  1887. 

BloiEirrapliieal  Material. 

Benjamin   George  Allston,    April    20, 
1853. 
Robert  Elfe,  May  30,  1853. 
Franklin  H.  Elmore,  June  1,  1850. 


LIUKHKY  U»-  CONGRESS 


0  006  152  803  9 


Bishop  Gadsden,  June  25,  18,^2. 
Col   Samuel   Hammond,   Sept   27,   1842. 
Robert  Y.  Hayne,  Feb  14,  1840. 
Francis  Simons  Holmes,  Oct  20,  1882. 
Col  William  S.  King,  March  20,  1852. 
Mary  E.  Lee,  Feb  22,  1851. 
Hugh  S.   Legare,  June  26,   27,  1843. 
Thomas   Lowndes,    July   11,    1?43. 
Col   Charles  John   Steadman,    March 
14,  1840. 
John  A.  Stuart,  May  12,   1853. 


MiscellaneonH. 

Address  at  the  dedication  of  Mag- 
nolia Cemetery,  Jan  21,  1851. 

Our  State  Arms,  Aug  29,  1853. 

The  Southern  "Bourbons,"  Feb  4,  1882. 

Buzzards  of  Charleston,  Aug  18,  1881. 

Death   of  Calhoun,  April  1,   1850. 

Jeff  Davis  on  Calhoun,   Sept  12,   1887. 

The  Circular  Church,  July  25,  1853. 

Old  Coins,  Dec  29,  1889. 

Cordesville — List  of  former  Residents, 
&c,  July  12,  1851. 

Lost  Creeks  of  South  Carolina,  May  1, 
1888. 

Description  of  a  "Gander  pulling," 
City  Gazette,  May  31,  1793. 

The  Germans  of  Charleston,  Oct  6, 
1891. 

German  Day,  Oct  7,  1891. 

German  South  Carolinians,  Aug  8, 
1897. 

Orangeburg's  Bold  Germans,  Aug  15, 
1897. 

Governors  of  South  Carolina,  1775- 
ISr.O.  Aug  2,  1850. 

In  Honor  of  Paul  Hayne,  Feb  17, 
1889. 

A  plea  for  Southern  Literature,  July 
16,  1881. 

Legare-Dunovant  Duel,   Sept   15,  1853. 

The  Lopez  Expedition  against  Cuba, 
May   27,  1850;   Sept  19,   1851. 

Palmetto  Day  Addresses,  June  29, 
1853. 

Palmetto  Regiment  Roll,  June  5,  1885. 

Pirates  on  the  Carolina  Coast,  Feb  15, 
1897. 

The  Beginning  of  the  State  (Re- 
cords), Dec  1,  1891. 

Colonial  and  Revolutionary  Records, 
June  7,  1882. 

The  Early  Records  of  South  Carolina, 
Oct  27,  1893. 

Dr  Joseph  Johnson's  Reminiscences: 
— "A  miscellaneous  series  of  unpub- 
lished MSS." 

(1)  William  J.  Lowndes,  July  18, 
1853. 


(2)  Commissary  Garden,  July  20,  1853.      t. , 

(3)  Rev  Dr  Wm  Dood,  July  21,  1853.     ■ 

(4)  The  Tornado  of  1761— from  the  S. 
C.  Gazette,  July  22,  1853. 

McCrady's  History,  Jan  30,  Mar  24, 
1898 

"Millions  for  Defence,"  Aug  16„  1853; 
July   3,    1854. 

History  of  the  Orphan  House,  July  1, 
28,  1854. 

Osceola's  Grave,  Sept  7,  1883. 

Puritans  and  Pilgrims,  Dec  22,  1897. 

Carolina  Silk  Culture,  Feb  5,  9.  10, 
1848. 

Speech  on  Slavery  (Harrison),  Jan 
15,  1840. 

Providential  Aspects  of  Slavery,  Nov 
11,  1888. 

Society  in  South  Carolina,  The  Co- 
lumbian Herald,  Oct  26,  1785. 

Life  in  Colonial  Virginia,  Jan  5,  1896. 

The  True  George  Washington,  Feb 
22,  1897. 


Our   Parish   Regristers. 

St  Thomas  and  St  Denis  Parish  Reg- 
ister, 1680-1884,  (printed)  Charleston  Li- 
brary and  Historical  Society's  Collec- 
tions. 

Christchurch  Parish  Register,  begin- 
ning 1694,  (MSS).  A  copy,  partly  in- 
dexed.    Historical  Society  Collections. 

St  Andrews'  Parish  Register,  (MSS)— 
3  volumes,  a  copy,  beginning  1714.  Li- 
brary Society  Collections. 

St  Helena's  Parish  Register,  (MSS)— 
a  copy,  alphabetically  arranged.  His- 
torical Society  Collections. 

Register  of  St  James,  Santee.  1758- 
1788.  A  copy,  owned  by  the  Colonial 
Dames  and  in  custody  of  the  Historical 
Society. 

St  Philip's  Parish  Register,  1713-1758, 
printed  and  edited  with  a  full  index 
by  A.  S.  Salley,  Jr.  The  Church  pos- 
sesses also  one  MSS  vol  1754-1796,  as 
well  as  later  volumes. 

Chronicles  of  St  Mark's  Parish,  1731- 
1885,  (printed)  Charleston  Library  and 
Historical   Society  Collections. 

The  Giessendanner  Record,  in  "The 
History  of  Orangeburg  County,"  by  A. 
S.   Salley,  Jr. 


[Note:— All  references  in  the  forego- 
ing article  are  to  The  Courier,  except 
v.'here   otherwise   noted.] 


1  Reprinted  from  the  Sunday  News,  April  14, 19Ci7.  —No.  101